<p>The sliding and rotation functions of the line bearings that support the floor framing stringers have diminished; thus, fatigue cracks have developed in the floor framing around the deteriorated bearings. Also, water that leaks from the expansion joints of the floor framing stringers has caused noticeable deterioration. To prevent further deterioration and damage, replacements of bearings supporting the floor framing stringers, and connection of floor framing stringers were proposed. To secure seismic performance, installations of vibration dampers between the end of the floor framing stringers and the main tower or anchorage were proposed. Additionally, installations of elastic restraining cables were proposed for stability both under normal conditions and during earthquakes. A dynamic analysis of a large-scale earthquake taking into consideration the elasto- plasticity of the steel members was conducted to check the seismic performance.</p>
<p>The Bridge designed is a two-story arch bridge with total length of 552m and width of 29m. A 7- span continuous concrete arch structure was selected for the lower story with the longest span of 84 m. The upper arches consist of 46-span continuous reinforced concrete arches with 12m long span length. Precast elements were adopted for the upper arches to shorten the construction period and improve the as-built quality of concrete. Further, to improve durability, solid-spandrel arches without expansion devices and bearings were selected for the upper structures, which enabled use of the pavement structure designed for soil embankment on the bridge surface. To minimize the deterioration due to the penetration water from the road surface of the bridge, CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) bars of excellent corrosion resistance were employed to replace steel reinforcement in the upper arches.</p>
<p>A three-span composite balanced arch structure was adopted as the river-crossing section of the bridge, using a balanced truss cantilever erection method. The arch ribs were designed as prestressed concrete (PC) box girders and the stiffening girders were designed as steel box girders. PC box girders were also adopted on the approach spans. In order to improve driving comfort of passing traffic and minimize maintenance cost, the stiffening girders of the balanced arch are connected with the PC box girders of the approach spans without expansion joints. In order to increase the seismic resistance of the bridge, rigid connections were used at most joints between the substructures and superstructures, and between the vertical members and stiffening girders.</p>
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