No abstract

Interaction of signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) expressed on the surface of macrophages with its ligand CD47 expressed on target cells negatively regulates phagocytosis of the latter cells by the former. We recently showed that blocking Abs to mouse SIRPα enhanced both the Ab‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity of mouse macrophages for Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells opsonized with an Ab to CD20 (rituximab) in vitro as well as the inhibitory effect of rituximab on the growth of tumors formed by Raji cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mice. However, the effects of blocking Abs to human SIRPα in preclinical cancer models have remained unclear given that such Abs have failed to interact with endogenous SIRPα expressed on macrophages of immunodeficient mice. With the use of Rag2−/−γc −/− mice harboring a transgene for human SIRPα under the control of human regulatory elements (hSIRPα‐DKO mice), we here show that a blocking Ab to human SIRPα significantly enhanced the ADCP activity of macrophages derived from these mice for human cancer cells. The anti‐human SIRPα Ab also markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of rituximab on the growth of tumors formed by Raji cells in hSIRPα‐DKO mice. Our results thus suggest that the combination of Abs to human SIRPα with therapeutic Abs specific for tumor antigens warrants further investigation for potential application to cancer immunotherapy. In addition, humanized mice, such as hSIRPα‐DKO mice, should prove useful for validation of the antitumor effects of checkpoint inhibitors before testing in clinical trials.

No abstract

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a typical complication of orthognathic surgery. D2 receptor antagonist is commonly used as an anti-emetic drug, but it also has a potential risk of inducing extrapyramidal reaction. We report a case of acute dystonia probably caused by intravenous infusion of D2 receptor antagonist in a patient with jaw deformity during the perioperative period. The patient was a 21-year-old man who was diagnosed as having maxillary protrusion. He underwent intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy under general anesthesia which was uneventfully performed using sevoflurane and remifentanyl. Immediately following the surgery, droperidol was administered in order to prevent PONV. After emergence, he complained of nausea and D2 receptor antagonist was administered, but had no effect. On the first postoperative day, he showed acute dystonia with nystagmus and opisthotonus. Diazepam was administered and his symptom disappeared. We should pay attention to acute dystonia when using D2 receptor antagonist and need to develop effective management methods for preventing PONV. : PONV ; postoperative nausea and vomiting (術後嘔気・嘔吐) ，D2 receptor antagonist (D2 受容体阻 害薬) ，acute dystonia(急性ジストニア) ［Received Jan. 9, 2014］ 顎矯正手術において下顎を後退させる場合には，舌骨の 位置変化による舌の移動 1) や口腔容積の減少に伴う舌の挙 上と軟口蓋の圧迫が生じ 2) ，術後間もなく嚥下困難や嘔気 をもたらす症例が多く，十分な注意が必要である。術後嘔 気・ 嘔 吐(PONV：postoperative nausea and vomiting) の予防，治療目的には D2 受容体阻害薬が頻用されるが， その副作用には錐体外路症状がある。 今回われわれは，周術期の D2 受容体阻害薬投与が誘因と なり急性ジストニアを発症したと考えられた顎変形症患者の 1 例を経験したので，若干の文献的考察を含めて報告する。 患者：初診時年齢 19 歳 男性 初診：2011 年 4 月 主訴：上下顎の前方突出感 既往歴：扁桃炎，蕎麦アレルギー 現病歴：小学 3 年から高校 2 年時まで非抜歯で矯正治療 を受けたが，上下顎前突の増悪を自覚し，治療結果に不満 足を訴えた結果，かかりつけ歯科医院より当科を紹介され 受診した。 現症：正貌はほぼ対称であり，側貌では concave type， 上下唇突出，オトガイ部前突を認めた。Overjet 2 mm， 日顎変形誌 Jpn.