<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hip fractures are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population posing significant burden on health care resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the epidemiological analysis of hip fractures at a tertiary care center.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective study done on patients with hip fractures admitted during the period 2015-2017 in Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh. Case files and radiographs of patients were reviewed for age, gender, nature of trauma, associated comorbidities, type of fracture and presence of osteoporosis.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> During the 2015-2017 period, 2214 patients with hip fractures were admitted, out of which 1180 were males and rest females. The mean age of patients was 56.8 years with 41.6% belonging to age group 60-75 years. In elderly patients, a low energy simple fall accounted for &gt;85% of fractures with presence of significant osteoporosis (Singh’s index grade 3). The in hospital mortality was 2.1%. Hip fracture characteristics included intertrochanteric 57.81%, femoral neck 30.26% and sub trochanteric 11.93%. Smoking and medical comorbidities were present in a significant number of patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> With increased longevity, hip fractures are an increasing health care problem. Various preventive measures for osteoporosis and falls will decline the prevalence of these fractures.</p>

Introduction: Low back ache is the most common problem seen in orthopedic clinic. Low backache with lumbosacral radiculopathy remains the most challenging musculoskeletal problem for its therapeutic management. In around 90% patients, the cause of low back with radiculopathy is a prolapsed disc. Epidural steroid injections are used in the management of patients with subacute or chronic low backache with radiculopathy, not responding to conservative treatment. The aim of study was to check the efficacy of epidural steroid injection in patients of subacute or chronic low backache with radiculopathy due to herniated disc. Material and Methods: The study was conducted over 100 patients reporting to our OPD with chief complaints of LBA with radiculopathy, not responding to conservative treatment. Maximum of three epidural steroid injections were given with two weeks of interval in between. The patients were assessed before and after the procedure and assessment was done using VAS scoring system. Results: In our study, 80% patients got a significant improvement in symptoms according to VAS scoring system. Out of them, 70% improved with only a single dose of ESI, 20% with the second dose and the remaining 10% after third dose. Also the procedure was found to be more effective in treating patients of subacute low backache with radiculopathy rather than the chronic one. Conclusion: ESI is a safe, cost effective and minimally invasive method of treating patients of subacute or chronic LBA with radiculopathy due to herniated disc. The procedure decreases analgesic use and allows early return to work.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Plantar fasciitis represents painful inflammatory process of plantar fascia with pain beneath the heel. The disease is frustrating for both the patient and the physician as the etiology is unknown. Conservative management is the mainstay of treatment. Patients with resistant pain can be treated with local injections. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of autologous whole blood injection for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted on 55 patients (males=25, females=30) with chronic heel pain for more than 6 months and failed conservative treatment. After proper clinical evaluation and diagnosis, autologous whole blood was injected on medial aspect of heel at the most tender point. Visual analog score was noted before injection and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean preprocedure visual analog score was 8.2 (range=4-10), which reduced to a mean of 4.5 (range=0-9) at 3 month follow-up and 3.3 (range 0-9) at 6 month follow-up. The reduction in VAS score was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). No complications occurred in our series.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Autologous whole blood injections appear to be cost-effective for treatment of resistant plantar fasciitis with no serious side effects. </p>