Cattle ranching in Brazil has long been one of the main and most important sectors of the economy. Among the factors that negatively influence the rearing of production animals, the worm disease deserves prominence, because it is one of the most important problems of the Brazilian herd, being responsible for large losses in livestock activity. Worms are caused by helminths of different phyla, classes, genera and species, and can affect several animals, being extremely important in production animals. These parasites can cause losses and great economic losses due to the fall in animal production and costs with its control. The administration of anthelmintics in the correct dosage is of great importance, because its misuse is probably one of the causes that accelerate the emergence of resistant helminth populations. However, when done incorrectly and indiscriminately, it can lead to inefficiency of the drugs because with the wrong management of these drugs there is a selection of resistant parasites.  In view of the above, the objective of this literature review was to gather information on ways to control helminthiases and some alternatives that have been studied to improve livestock production systems.                                                                             Keywords: Anthelmintics; Helminths; Nematodes.

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The prevalence of helminths in horses may vary, depending on climatic factors and host susceptibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal dynamics of helminth infection in grazing horses, from October 2015 to September 2016. In total, 104 crossbred horses of different age groups, males and females in a single herd, participated in this study. Individual fecal samples were collected every 28 days for counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and fecal cultures. The horses were evaluated individually for weight, body condition score (BCS) and clinical status. Climatic information relating to the farm was also collected. The categories most affected by helminths were foals and senior horses, with EPG averages of 1271.9 and 1186.5, respectively. The EPG averages for all animal categories together, in the four seasons were: 1042.1 spring; 1508.9 summer; 817.8 autumn; and 571.1 winter. Through the body condition evaluation, it was seen that senior animals presented the lowest BCS in all seasons. It was concluded that the season in which these animals were most affected by helminth infections was the summer and that the most susceptible categories were foals and senior horses.

RESUMOPesquisas demonstram que pacientes com dificuldades linguísticas em razão de lesões nos mecanismos cerebrais da fala (muitas vezes decorrentes de acidente vascular encefálico) preservam a capacidade de cantar músicas familiares. Esses achados fomentaram estudos no campo das neurociências, no sentido de demonstrar as conexões neuronais entre fala e música, assim como o desenvolvimento de protocolos de fonoaudiologia para o tratamento dos distúrbios da fala que adotam alguns elementos musicais, como ritmo e entonação melódica, e, também, protocolos com enfoque propriamente musicoterapêutico. Um desses distúrbios é a apraxia da fala (AF), que causa prejuízos na capacidade de planejar ou programar os comandos conscientes da fala, na completa ausência de distúrbios neuromusculares. Quando acomete crianças em fase de desenvolvimento da fala e da linguagem, independentemente de lesão cerebral específica, é denominado apraxia da fala na infância (AFI). O objetivo deste trabalho foi trazer apontamentos sobre a AFI e o emprego da musicoterapia (MT) no seu tratamento. Os resultados sugerem que a MT pode ser um importante aliado no tratamento da AFI, embora ainda sejam poucos os estudos relativos à utilização da MT no tratamento de distúrbios linguísticos, e são ainda mais escassos os que abordam a AFI.Palavras-chave: musicoterapia, distúrbios da fala, apraxia da fala infantil.

This work aimed to investigate the effect of anthelmintic treatment on the performance of cull cows. Sixty animals were evaluated, divided into three groups composed of 20 cows: two groups were treated with different anthelmintics (endectocide and conventional), while a control group received only saline solution. Anthelmintics and the saline solution will be administered subcutaneously at the doses recommended by the manufacturers: G1- Levamisol (RIPERCOL*L®) 1mL/40kg/PV; G2- Moxidectin (CYDECTIN®) 1mL/50kg/PV; G3- Control (saline solution) 1 mL/45kg/PV. Feces were collected to count eggs per gram of feces (OPG) of each animal, where a collection was every 28 days along with weighing to analyze the weight gain of the treatments. There was no statistical difference in OPG count and weight gain between the evaluated treatments. Both groups presented low contamination throughout the experiment, suggesting that when raised in comfortable conditions, healthy multiparous beef cows would not require anthelmintic treatment.

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