Mathematical programming techniques are commonly used by decision makers for achieving efficiency in agricultural production planning. Due to increasing demands of growing population of world, one needs to utilize the limited available resources in the most efficient and economic way. In this paper, the fractional programming problem is formulated and is used to determine the optimal cropping pattern of vegetable crops in such a way that the total profit is maximized. The solution of the formulated Fuzzy programming problem is obtained using LINGO.
In order to solve the problems of damage in crops due to natural disasters like frosts and hail storm, it is common to insure crops against the damage. After damage, crop loss must be evaluated by comparing what amount of crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtained at the beginning of the cycle of tree's growth. The objective of the study was to develop the best fitted model for estimating yield on the population of Gala Red Lum plants before bloom. The data used for this research were primary data collected from high density apple block SKUAST-Kashmir (HDP, Plate-1). The study was undertaken at experimental field of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, during the years 2015 and 2016. The measurements of various tree/fruit characteristics in Gala Red Lum were recorded. The developed model was validated using k-fold cross validation technique and bootstrap validation.
Graph theory plays a significant role in a variety of real-world systems. Graph concepts such as labeling and coloring are used to depict a variety of processes and relationships in material, social, biological, physical, and information systems. Specifically, graph labeling is used in communication network addressing, fault-tolerant system design, automatic channel allocation, etc. 2-odd labeling assigns distinct integers to the nodes of G(V, E) in such a manner, that the positive difference of adjacent nodes is either 2 or an odd integer, 2k ± 1, k ∈ N . So, G is a 2-odd graph if and only if it permits 2-odd labeling. Studying certain important modifications through various graph operations on a given graph is interesting and challenging. These operations mainly modify the underlying graph's structure, so understanding the complex operations that can be done over a graph or a set of graphs is inevitable. The motivation behind the development of this article is to apply the concept of 2-odd labeling on graphs generated by using various graph operations. Further, certain results on 2-odd labeling are also derived using some well-known number theoretic concepts such as the Twin prime conjecture and Goldbach's conjecture, besides recalling a few interesting applications of graph labeling and graph coloring.
The objective of this paper is to develop the best fitted model for estimating yield in Gala Red Lum after bloom. The data used for this research were primary data collected from high density apple block of SKUAST-Kashmir (HDP, Plate-1). The study was undertaken at experimental field of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, Northern India, during the years 2015 and 2016. The measurements of various tree/fruit characteristics in Gala Red Lum were recorded. The data recorded was pooled to average out the on /off bearing effect. Regression technique was used to find the relationship between the yield and various biometrical characters of apple trees. Models were first developed on the whole population and then on sample. The best fitted model was Y= -FCT+FCA-FCT*FCA and was validated by using k-fold cross validation and bootstrap validation techniques. Thus, the developed model can be used for estimating the yield in Gala Red Lum after bloom.
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