Respiratory diseases are of considerable economic importance in pigs, and less emphasis is on the diagnostic approaches in porcine health in our environment. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of haematology, gross, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and histopathological changes of pneumonia in pigs. The study was conducted at a municipal abattoir for over three months. A total of 146 finished pigs were clinically examined. Blood samples were taken, while the plucks were examined for lung lesions. Lavage samples and lung sections were taken for BAL and histological examinations. Six breeds were slaughtered comprising Large White 112 (76.7%), Mixed Breed 15 (10.3%), Duroc 7 (4.8%), Local 6 (4.1%), Hampshire 4 (2.7%), and Large Black 2 (1.4%). Based on sex, 71 (48.6%) were males while, 75 (51.4%) were female. Grossly, there was pneumonia in 92 (63.0%) of the pigs and the mean pulmonary consolidation score was 9.6±1.2. The large white breed had the highest consolidation score. Also, the right and left caudal lobes had the highest consolidation scores. Clinically, there was mild anaemia and leukocytosis, and BAL fluid cellular differential showed increased lymphocytic and neutrophilic counts in the pigs with pneumonia (p<0.05). Histologically, 91 (62.2%) of samples were normal, bronchointerstitial pneumonia was 31 (21.4%), bronchopneumonia was 18 (12.4%), granulomatous pneumonia was 1 (0.7%), bronchiolitis was 4 (2.7%), and verminous pneumonia was 1 (0.7%). Bronchointerstitial pneumonia was the most prevalent pattern. Porcine pneumonia is still important in our environment; the roles of different causal agents need to be elucidated for production of vaccines and control in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa.
The effect of environmental intoxication and one time accidental oral ingestion of cypermethrin was studied in the guinea pig through exposure to sublethal concentrations of the pesticide. The clinical, haematologic, and biochemical changes were monitored within 72 hours of exposure. Haemocytometric method was used to evaluate the erythrogram and leucogram changes, and microscopy for histopathology. There were significant increases in the eosinophil count, ALP, creatinine, cholesterol, globulin and albumin and decrease in urea levels and thrombocytopaenia (P>0.05). There were diffuse moderate vascular congestion and mononuclear cellular infiltrates in the interstitium of the lungs, and degeneration in the liver and kidney. Single oral ingestion of cypermethrin altered biochemical parameters commensurate with tissue changes. Cypermethrin exposure and intoxication of animals in the environment may contribute to morbidity and ecotoxicity.Keywords: Cavia, Cypermethrin, Environment, Toxicity, wildlife
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