Purpose: the comparative analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved in dancing and gymnastic sports (acrobatic rock and roll, sports aerobics) Material: The study involved 45 girls and females. Group 1 - acrobatic rock and roll (n = 25, age - 13.00 ± 0.41 years); Group 2 - sports aerobics (n = 20, age - 19.70 ± 0.59 years). It was determined the length and body weight. It was evaluated the level and harmony of physical development. The bioimpedance method was applied to determine the composition of muscle and fat tissue, the level of visceral fat. It was evaluated the body mass index, water composition in the body. The results are evaluated by applying parametric and non-parametric statistical indicators. Results: the average level of physical development dominates in athletes. Its specific gravity is: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50 ± 11.18)%. Rather high prevalence of the level below the average: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (25.00 ± 9.68)%. The proportion of athletes with harmonious development was: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50.00 ± 11.18)%. The disharmony of physical development due to overweight: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (30.00 ± 10.25)%. The disharmony of development due to underweight: group 1 - (16.00 ± 7.33)%; group 2 - (20.00 ± 8.94)%. The average values of fat tissue reflect its normal composition in both groups. In group 1, was determined the normal for the age fat composition in (52.00 ± 9.99)%; low level of fat had (48.00 ± 9.99)%. In group 2, the normal fat composition was found in (75.00 ± 9.68)%. The increased fat composition was (15.00 ± 7.98)% of female athletes. The reduced fat composition was (10.00 ± 7.61)% of female athletes. The level of visceral fat in athletes of group 2 was within the age norm. Female athletes of group 1 were characterized by virtually no visceral fat. The specific gravity of muscle tissue in all athletes was above the average for this age group. Group water composition in both groups was average. Conclusions: Most athletes have an average harmonious physical development. Deviations of physical development are most often associated with underweight. It is determined the increase in the composition of muscle mass above the average age standards for all female athletes. The composition of fat tissue in 52% of female athletes of the younger group corresponded to the average value. The rest of the athletes had a fat composition below normal. In the older group: 75% of athletes had an average fat composition; 15% of athletes had a reduced fat composition; 10% of athletes had a high fat composition. It was determined the significant differences between groups. The female athletes of group 1 had smaller values of body length, body weight, the specific gravity of fat tissue and visceral fat, body water composition, and body mass index. Females of group 1 had a big specific gravity of muscle tissue. The application of the bioimpedance method has significantly expanded the data obtained in the analysis of anthropometric indicators and indices. This method can be recommended for monitoring the functional condition of athletes dancing and gymnastic sports.
Along with physical activity and psycho-emotional status, nutrition is one of the most important indicators of the quality of life, which affect the human body from the moment of birth to the last moments of life. The problem of inadequate nutrition and alimentary-dependent diseases is especially acute in school age. According to official statistical data diseases of the digestive system occupy a leading place among schoolchildren in all age categories. Aim. Assessment of the prevalence of digestive diseases among schoolchildren, determination of the features of catering in educational institutions, study of the nutritional behavior of modern schoolchildren. Materials and methods. Determining the structure of pathological lesions of schoolchildren according to the "Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine". Questioning of 588 parents of elementary school students of two schools in Kharkov on the nutritional behavior of children. Results and discussion. According to official statistics in 2017 digestive diseases occupy the second ranking place among schoolchildren (7.9% among children 7-14 years old, 8.3% among teenagers 15-18 years old) and have tend to increase among teenagers in the dynamics of 5 years. One of the most likely important reasons for the deterioration of children's health is a violation of the nutritional structure and a decrease in its quality. So, (3.6 ± 0.8) % of primary schoolchildren eat only twice a day. Most children eat fish only once a week and 4.5% of schoolchildren have not eaten fish in the last 30 days. Only 43.4% of schoolchildren consume milk and dairy products daily. Assessment of the actual state of school feeding showed the inconsistency in the work of the medical service and teachers in the basic issues of its organization, quality control, distribution of duties and responsibilities. Conclusions. There are high incidence rates for certain classes of diseases аmong school-age children, in particular the digestive system. A negative sign of schoolchildren’s eating behavior is the deficiency of basic nutrients in their daily diet in accordance with physiological needs. The modern state of catering in educational institutions necessitates the implementation of system monitoring of its quality, usefulness, safety, and the physiological needs of direct consumers.
The aim of the work was to investigate how gender, age and type of activity in summer affects the indicators of physical development (PD) of children. 1054 students (493 boys and 561 girls) aged 7-16 years took part in the study. The PD of children was studied by assessing somatometric and physiometric indicators. To assess the impact of the type of activity, a thematic questionnaire "Summer" was used. It was found that the gender and age of children had a significant effect on PD indicators in the summer. The most intense increase in body length occurred at the age of 7-12 years, body weight - in 10-14-year-olds, and up to 16 years grouth of two parameters gradually slowed down. From the age of 10, children showed a positive increase in lung capacity (LC). In 15-year-old adolescents, a decrease in both indicators (ChC and LC) was found. It was found that 62% of children carried out educational activities in the summer, 24% of those were engaged in business activities, almost 40% of students were participants in hiking trips and 23% of children attended a children's health camp. The chosen type of activity in the summer influenced the indicators of the pupils' PD as follows: educational activities were accompanied by a decrease in body length and strength of the left arm, business activity, hiking trips and staying in a health camp were accompanied by an increased weight gain and an increase in LC.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the problem of scientific rationale for approaches to early detection of prepathological conditions among different professional contingents. For this purpose, the role of biomedical and psychophysiological indicators was investigated based on the results of our own research works. Materials and methods. The method of assessing the risks of burnout was used to substantiate the role of psychophysiological indicators in determining prepathological states in workers of certain professions. The study was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventar (MBI-GS) questionnaire with subsequent statistical processing in the Jupiter Notebook environment. We used methods of logistic regression analysis and specialized software method “Eli-5”. To illustrate the mechanisms of action of medical-biological indicators the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation under conditions of low temperature were determined. The combined effect of these factors in a laboratory experiment for 30 days on the example of mature laboratory rats was studied. Results and discussion. The authors have proved that to effectively determine the risk groups for the development of professional burnout, it is advisable to use separate criterion-significant informative indicators using the Maslach Burnout-Inventar MBI-GS questionnaire. In addition, it is advisable to additionally determine the risks of developing burnout by the frequency of manifestations of symptoms of emotional exhaustion for the group of persons with prepathology. In order to prevent stress situational disorders among students when working with digital simulators, preliminary screening of emotional-stressful states with the subsequent application of psychocorrection measures is necessary. Modeling the complex effects of electromagnetic radiation and low temperatures made it possible to determine the features of the formation of biological effects in the body according to the criteria of physiological, morphological, immunological and biochemical changes. Thus, in the formation of the adaptive and immune response of the organism to the combined effect of these factors, the reduced temperature has a dominant share of the contribution. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that methodological approaches to the development of tools for the diagnosis of prepathological conditions, as the most effective element of primary prevention, should be based on the scientific basis of their structural elements. In the prevention of occupational diseases to the algorithm for determining the leading criteria for the recognition and differentiation of diseases at subclinical levels, it is advisable to include studies of a number of simple and effective medical-biological and psychophysiological indicators
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