We investigate the possibility for dust ion-acoustic solitons to exist. Compressive solitonlike perturbations are damped and slowed down, mainly due to the plasma absorption and ion scattering on microparticles. The perturbations are shown to possess the main properties of solitons. There is a principal possibility to study experimentally the role of trapped electrons in the soliton formation.
Nonlinear electrostatic wave structures in dusty plasmas in the presence of electromagnetic radiation are investigated. The dust charge variation is assumed to be caused by microscopic electron and ion currents at the grains as well as photoelectric current of electrons. Calculations of electromagnetic radiation effects are performed for the case of solar radiation spectrum in the vicinity of the earth. The exact solutions of the nonlinear equations, describing variable-charge dust grains, Boltzmann electrons, and inertial ions, are obtained in the form of steady-state shocks. The conditions for their existence are found. The dissipation in such shock waves originates from the process of dust charging. The possibility of observation of shock waves related to the dust charging process in the presence of electromagnetic radiation in active rocket experiments which involve the release of some gaseous substance in near-earth space is discussed
A self-consistent model of the ambipolar diffusion of electrons and ions in complex (dusty) plasmas accounting for the local electric fields, the dust grain charging process, and the interaction of the plasma particles with the dust grains and neutrals is presented. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the interaction of the electrons and ions with the dust grains as well as with the neutrals are investigated. It is shown that increase of the dust density leads to a reduction of the diffusion scale length, and this effect is enhanced at higher electron densities. The dependence of the diffusion scale length on the neutral gas pressure is found to be given by a power law, where the absolute value of the power exponent decreases with increase of the dust density. The electric field gradient and its effects are shown to be significant and should thus be taken into account in studies of complex plasmas with not very small dust densities. The possibility of observing localized coherent dissipative nonlinear dust ion-acoustic structures in an asymmetrically discharged double plasma is discussed.
The nonstationary problem of the evolution of perturbation and its transformation into nonlinear wave structure in dusty plasmas is considered. For this purpose two one-dimensional models based on a set of fluid equations, Poisson’s equation, and a charging equation for dust are developed. The first (simplified) model corresponds to the case [Popel et al., Phys. Plasmas3, 4313 (1996)] when exact steady-state shock wave solutions can exist. This simplified model includes variable-charged dust grains, Boltzmann electrons, and inertial ions. The second (ionization source) model takes into account the variation of the ion density and the ion momentum dissipation due to dust particle charging as well as the source of plasma particles due to ionization process. The computational method for solving the set of equations which describe the evolution in time of a nonlinear structure in a charge-varying dusty plasma is developed. The case of the evolution of an intensive initial nonmoving region with a constant enhanced ion density is investigated on the basis of these two models. The consideration within the ionization source model is performed for the data of the laboratory experiment [Luo et al., Phys. Plasmas6, 3455 (1999)]. It is shown that the ionization source model allows one to obtain shock structures as a result of evolution of an initial perturbation and to explain the experimental value of the width of the shock wave front. Comparison of the numerical data obtained on the basis of the ionization source model and the simplified model shows that the main characteristic features of the shock structure are the same for both models. Nevertheless, the ionization source model is much more sensitive to the form of the initial perturbation than the simplified model. The solution of the problem of the evolution of perturbation and its transformation into shock wave in charge-varying dusty plasmas opens up possibilities for description of the real phenomena like supernova explosions as well as of the laboratory and active space and geophysical experiments
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