Predictive preventive personalized medicine Liver cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer worldwide [1], with an incidence rate almost equals the mortality rate and ranks 3 rd among causes of cancer related death [2]. The coexistence of two life threatening conditions, cancer and liver cirrhosis makes the staging challenging. However, there are some staging systems, e.g. the Barcelona staging system for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [3], that suggest treatment options and management. Whereas diagnosis in early stages gives hope for a curative outcome, the treatment regime for around 80 % [2] of the patients classified as severe stages only gears towards palliation [4]. An intra-arterial radiation approach, radioembolisation (RE) is ubiquitously applied as one of palliative approaches. Although, in general RE shows promising results in intermediate and advanced stage HCC [5], individual treatment outcomes are currently unpredictable. Corresponding stratification criteria are still unclear. We hypothesised that individual radioresistance/radiosensitivity may play a crucial role in treatment response towards RE strongly influencing individual outcomes. Further, HCC represents a highly heterogeneous group of patients which requires patient stratification according to clear criteria for treatment algorithms to be applied individually. Multilevel diagnostic approach (MLDA) is considered helpful to set-up optimal predictive and prognostic biomarker panel for individualised application of radioembolisation. Besides comprehensive medical imaging, our MLDA includes non-invasive multi-omics and sub-cellular imaging. Individual patient profiles are expected to give a clue to targeting shifted molecular pathways, individual RE susceptibility, treatment response. Hence, a dysregulation of the detoxification pathway (SOD2/Catalase) might indicate possible adverse effects of RE, and highly increased systemic activities of matrix metalloproteinases indicate an enhanced tumour aggressiveness and provide insights into molecular mechanisms/targets. Consequently, an optimal set-up of predictive and prognostic biomarker panels may lead to the changed treatment paradigm from untargeted "treat and wait" to the cost-effective predictive, preventive and personalised approach, improving the life quality and life expectancy of HCC patients. Keywords: Market access, Value, Strategy, Companion diagnostics, Cost-effectiveness, Reimbursement, Health technology assessment, Economic models, Predictive preventive personalized medicine Achieving and sustaining seamless "drug -companion diagnostic" market access requires a sound strategy throughout a product life cycle, which enables timely creation, substantiation and communication of value to key stakeholders [1, 2]. The study aims at understanding the root-cause of market access inefficiencies of companies by gazing at the "Rx-CDx" co-development process through the prism of "value", and developing a perfect co-development scenario based on the literature review and discussions with the ...

An evident underestimation of the targeted prevention of dental diseases is strongly supported by alarming epidemiologic statistics globally. For example, epidemiologists demonstrated 100% prevalence of dental caries in the Russian population followed by clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases. Inadequately provided oral health services in populations are caused by multi-factorial deficits including but not limited to low socio-economic status of affected individuals, lack of insurance in sub-populations, insufficient density of dedicated medical units. Another important aspect is the “participatory” medicine based on the active participation of population in maintaining oral health: healthcare will remain insufficient as long as the patient is not motivated and does not feel responsible for their oral health. To this end, nearly half of chronically diseased people do not comply with adequate medical services suffering from severely progressing pathologies. Noteworthy, the prominent risk factors and comorbidities linked to the severe disease course and poor outcomes in COVID-19-infected individuals, such as elderly, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are frequently associated with significantly altered oral microbiome profiles, systemic inflammatory processes and poor oral health. Suggested pathomechanisms consider potential preferences in the interaction between the viral particles and the host microbiota including oral cavity, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Since an aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lower respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease have been proposed as leading to COVID-19 aggravation. Consequently, the issue-dedicated expert recommendations are focused on the optimal oral hygiene as being crucial for improved individual outcomes and reduced morbidity under the COVID-19 pandemic condition. Current study demonstrated that age, gender, socio-economic status, quality of environment and life-style, oral hygiene quality, regularity of dental services requested, level of motivation and responsibility for own health status and corresponding behavioural patterns are the key parameters for the patient stratification considering person-tailored approach in a complex dental care in the population. Consequently, innovative screening programmes and adapted treatment schemes are crucial for the complex person-tailored dental care to improve individual outcomes and healthcare provided to the population.

AbstractsBackgroundPreventing diseases of oral cavity, specifically periodontal diseases, is currently a high-priority issue. Despite the wide selection of individual oral care products and the abundance of information on individual oral care, the prevalence of tooth decay and inflammatory periodontal diseases remains high. Apart from knowledge of individual oral care, of great importance for patients is their capacity to develop strong motivation for full-scale hygienic procedures.ResultsPatients’ motivation is immediately interconnected with their personality specifics.ConclusionsThis article provides the analysis on the relationship between the patient’s oral cavity status and his or her personality profile.

This article centers on the relationship between psychological specifics of dental patients and their adherence to treatment. It describes clinical and personality specifics of periodontal patients and presents personality characteristics of patients with positive and negative dynamics of the therapy, as well as patients without periodontal diseases. The study findings highlight the importance of building confidential relationships with the patient and the need for a client-oriented approach to developing treatment plans and strategies for different types of dental patients. In the future, based on the study results, we find it necessary to elaborate more specific criteria for assessing personality characteristics of patients which determine their ability to comply with the doctor's recommendations. The dentist should not expect the success of their work without applying individual psychological approach to each particular patient. This knowledge means to help in further prognosis of the prescribed treatment and also can make the treatment more personalized and prevent non-compliance complications.

Relevance. The success of medical treatment in the elderly often depends on the doctor’s ability to find an individual approach to a patient, including their personality characteristics, comorbidities and compliance level.Materials and methods. A systematic search of the literature was carried out of studies published between 2000 to 2020 in the online databases: PubMed, Google Search, and eLibrary. The articles were reviewed if the criteria for inclusion and exclusion were met.Results. The primary electronic search found 4,314 studies. Upon removing the duplicates and checking the publications for the title and abstract availability, 1,013 studies were selected, whereas the remaining 3,301 publications were excluded as not meeting the above requirements. Subsequently, in exploring the titles and abstracts, full-text of 509 studies was assessed. Of these, 455 publications were excluded for the lack of doctor-patient interaction evaluation. The systematic review included 54 studies for assessment and numerical comparison in this study.Conclusion. The success of dental treatment in the elderly depends on the patient’s personality profile, their preparedness to follow doctor’s recommendations, and dentist treatment skills and psychological competencies in approaching patients of this age group.