The article considers the process of developing diagnostic mathematical models that take into account the influence of the hydraulic density of the plunger pair associated with wear. To estimate leaks of precision parts, methods for calculating the cycle feed for wear of plunger pairs are presented. The position of the cut-off edge relative to the hole changes due to the injection movement and rotation of the plunger during the regulation of the fuel cycle. The method and results of accelerated testing of plunger pairs are also presented.
The main task in mechanical engineering is to ensure the efficiency of the machine-tractor fleet. Technical operation of machines requires new organizational and technological approaches to maintaining it in working condition in zonal conditions of use. Since every hour of downtime of this expensive equipment leads to high costs, one of the important tasks will be to reduce the downtime of machines for maintenance and repair. Development of import substitution programs and food security of regions and regions of the country is an important area for scientific and public organizations to solve the tasks set by the government of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the study of foreign technologies and the introduction of their own in the production of machinery and agricultural products. The aim of the study is a mathematical description and justification of fault tolerance of machines to ensure performance at a given level.In the article deals with the issues of ensuring the efficiency of technical systems (machinery and equipment) and planning the number of spare elements during technical service. It is rather simple to establish the cycles of repair time of machines and technology, if the variables of the technical state determining the operability of the machines during operation are deterministic. In practice, in most cases, the performance is determined by the stochastic nature of the influencing factors, forcing to take into account the technical and mathematical methods for their description. In a situation where the recovery time of the failed element is an order of magnitude shorter than the uptime, or the restoration is reduced to replacing the element with a backup, it is natural to accept the model of an instantly restored element.
This article discusses the prediction of the characteristics of the technical condition of machines and their effectiveness. The task of predicting the parameters of the changes the technical state of agricultural machinery during operation is to determine the numerical characteristics for future points in time. When choosing and justifying a mathematical model, it is necessary to take into account the physical nature of the phenomena that lead to a change in characteristics during operation. A model reflecting the rate of change of parameters is used to describe the processes. In forecasting, to increase the efficiency of the mathematical model, generalized physical laws are used that determine the process of changing the resource. Based on this model, it is possible to build a methodology for calculating the reliability. The set of process characteristics characterizes the change in parameters and makes it possible to predict torque functions during operation.
Óâåëè÷åíèå äîëè âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè â êà÷åñòâå ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà àâòîòðàêòîðíîé òåõíèêè ñïîñîáíî ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëèÿòü íà ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ è ýíåðãåòè÷åñêóþ áåçîïàñíîñòü ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òåõíèêè. Öåëüþ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ àíàëèç òåõíîëîãèé ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â êà÷åñòâå ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà. Ê ñûðüåâîé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé ñðåäå â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü îòíîñÿò óãëåâîäîðîäíûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, ïðîöåññ òåðìîõèìè÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ êîòîðûõ ñîïðîâîaeäàåòñÿ âûõîäîì ãëàâíîãî öåëåâîãî êîìïîíåíòà -âîäîðîäà. Ïðèñóòñòâèå âîäîðîäíîãî êîìïîíåíòà îáóñëàâëèâàåò óíèêàëüíûå êèíåòè÷åñêèå è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè ñãîðàíèÿ ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà, âûñîêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðàáî÷åãî öèêëà äâèãàòåëÿ. Ñëîaeíûå ýôèðû ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðîèçâîäíûìè îðãàíè÷åñêèõ èëè íåîðãàíè÷åñêèõ êèñëîò è ñïèðòîâ; ñîäåðaeàòñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì â ýôèðíûõ ìàñëàõ è ñîñòàâëÿþò îñíîâíóþ ÷àñòü ðàñòèòåëüíûõ è aeèâîòíûõ ìàñåë.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â êà÷åñòâå îäíîãî èç íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ òîïëèâ äëÿ äèçåëåé ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ äèìåòèëîâûé ýôèð.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ïðè ïåðåâîäå äèçåëåé íà ýôèðû íå òðåáóåòñÿ ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðèíóäèòåëüíîìó âîñïëàìåíåíèþ ãîðþ÷åé ñìåñè. Åñëè ðàññìàòðèâàòü ñûðüåâîå ïðîèñõîaeäåíèå è çàòðàòû íà ïðîèçâîäñòâî äèìåòèëîâîãî ýôèðà, òî îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûì ìîòîðíûì òîïëèâîì. Ïîëîaeèòåëüíûì ñâîéñòâîì ðàñòèòåëüíûõ ìàñåë ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñìåøèâàòüñÿ â ëþáûõ ïðîïîðöèÿõ ñ áåíçèíîì, êåðîñèíîì è äèçåëüíûì òîïëèâîì, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü áèîòîïëèâî ñ çàäàííûìè ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèìè ñâîéñòâàìè.  ñòàòüå ðàññìîòðåíû ýôèðû, ñïîñîáû èõ ïîëó÷åíèÿ, ðàñòèòåëüíûå ìàñëà, à òàêaeå îïèñàíû ñïîñîáû äîñòèaeåíèÿ íåîáõîäèìûõ ñâîéñòâ àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ âèäîâ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåé êàê ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà. Ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû ñðàâíèòåëüíîãî àíàëèçà òåõíîëîãèé ïåðåðàáîòêè âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè â òîïëèâî äëÿ àâòîòðàêòîðíûõ äâèãàòåëåé. Îáîñíîâàíà ïîòåíöèàëüíàÿ âîçìîaeíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè â ñòðóêòóðó ýíåðãîïîòðåáëåíèÿ ÀÏÊ. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: âîçîáíîâëÿåìûå èñòî÷íèêè ýíåðãèè, ñïèðòû, ðàñòèòåëüíûå ìàñëà, ýôèðû, âîäíî-áèîòîïëèâíûå ýìóëüñèè, ñèíòåòè÷åñêèå òîïëèâà.The increase in the share of renewable energy sources as motor fuel of automotive vehicles can sig-nificantly affect the environmental and energy safety in the operation of equipment. The aim of the study is to analyze the technologies of conversion of renewable energy sources for use as a motor fuel. The raw energy medium primarily includes hydrocarbon compounds, which process of thermochemical transfor-mation is accompanied by the release of the main target component -hydrogen. The presence of the hy-drogen component causes unique kinetic and environmental indicators of its combustion, high efficiency of the engine operating cycle. Esters are derivatives of organic or inorganic acids and alcohols, they are found mainly in essential oils and make up the bulk of vegetable and animal oils. Currently, dimethyl ether is considered as one of the most promising fuels for diesel engines. In this regard, the transfer of diesels on the air does not require...
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