Although changes in the kidney tissue of newborn piglets are detectable after any cardiac procedure, changes are more profound after cardiopulmonary bypass with mild hypothermia.
Renal failure after open heart surgery is a serious complication even in the pediatric population. The aim of the present study was to analyze morphological changes after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in a neonatal piglet model. The kidneys of newborn piglets sacrificed 6 h after CPB were examined (CPB; n = 4) regarding tubular dilatation, vacuole formation, leukocytic infiltration, epithelial destruction, and interstitial edema. Thereafter, the findings were compared with the morphology of normal (untreated) neonatal piglet kidneys (control; n = 4). All changes but the interstitial edema were statistically significant if compared with the normal renal tissue: tubular dilatation (CPB vs. control P < 0.05), vacuole formation (CPB vs. control P < .05), leukocytic infiltration (CPB vs. control P < 0.05), and epithelial destruction (CPB vs. control P < 0.001). In conclusion, CPB induces significant changes in the morphology of the neonatal piglet kidneys.
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