The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a domain between IoT and Industry 4.0 that brings an evolution in automation and data exchange. Multiband and the wideband antenna are an important part to support high-rate IoT/IIoT communication through the wireless systems. In this study, we optimized a Vivaldi antenna for triple-band operation at well-known IIoT bands without adding any slot or extra structure. The antenna gets a large bandwidth of over 8%, 12%, and 19% at 2.4GHz, 4GHz, and 5.6GHz resonant frequencies, respectively. To improve several antenna characteristics such as resistance matching, gain, and radiation efficiency, an L shape symmetric Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure is proposed. At the 5.6 GHz band, the SIW antenna achieves over 25% increase in radiation efficiency that reaches 99% although FR4 substrate is chosen to design the antenna. The proposed Vivaldi antenna is analyzed using CST simulation and measured using VNA equipment with an agree well result. Besides, we also set up a reality wireless system to test the antenna at two important IIoT bands: 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
A structure, the proposed MIMO antenna is compact in size and designed on FR4 substrate with total dimension of 37 x 43.6 x 6 m3. At first, a single PIFA antenna is presented using U-shaped slots in radiating patch which puts forward the antenna resonant in three frequencies: 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz and 6.3GHz with bandwidth of 8.87%, 18.29.% and 2.53 % respectively for Wi-Fi, Wimax/LTE and Direct Broadcast Satellite DBS of C channel applications. Good reflection coefficient, antenna gain, and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. Secondly, the paper has put forward another single type of tri-band PIFA which uses double rectangular shape of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technology. This helps increasing the antenna efficiency at all frequencies as well as enhancing antenna gain of the PIFA. Finally, a MIMO PIFA antenna is constructed by placing two single antennas side by side at close distance of 4 mm. The MIMO antenna also gets high gain and radiation efficiency at all frequencies. To reduce the mutual coupling between antenna elements, a combination of two “slot and variation” structures of DGS is proposed. Moreover, these DGS structures have enhanced MIMO antenna bandwidth at all three bands, especially at 3.5GHz resonant frequency.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.