Engineering solutions of air conditioning systems require the operation analysis and the aerodynamic characteristics verification of the ventilation dampers installed on ventilation, air heating, air conditioning, supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems to prevent air overflow and combustion products from one room to another, as the dampers’ characteristics affect the systems’ technological reliability and energy efficiency as a whole. Thus, the leakage through the closed dampers leads to a decrease in the useful work of the ventilation unit, characterized by the efficiency coefficient, which is due to the mismatch between the actual and the calculated performance of the ventilation systems. This removes the fan operation from the optimal area. The non-tightness reasons of the ventilation dampers for various purposes were analyzed. To reveal these reasons, the experiments were carried at a laboratory-industrial stand. The use of modern computer programs for processing the experimental data made it possible to build the mathematical models providing the necessary conditions for the adequacy and reliability of the ventilation dampers’ studies. A visual description of the digitized three-dimensional flow in the investigated ventilation damper is given. This description can be used in the future to accurately assess the characteristics of ventilation dampers affecting the ventilation systems’ technological reliability and energy efficiency.
High requirements to ensure sanitary and hygienic working conditions and reduce harmful emissions into the environment are provided through ventilation systems equipped with efficient and economical equipment. The task of improving the air basin is to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the ambient air to the level of MPC and lower, which, with increasing volumes of ventilation and process emissions, determines the increased requirements for industrial filters. The most effective are wet devices, in which the process of gas cleaning is carried out through interaction with the liquid, most often with water. The authors developed a number of high-efficiency dust-collecting apparatuses, in which the majority of methods for contacting elements with a liquid are realized simultaneously, which determines the maximum completeness of gas purification from dusts with different physico-chemical properties. One of them is an aerohydrocyclone intended for combined simultaneous cleaning of a technological product in the form of a suspension and dusty air removed from the shelters of technological equipment. This apparatus with internal circulation of liquid, where the concentration of trapped dust in the irrigating liquid affects the efficiency of dust collection, the frequency of water replacement, the operating mode and the load of the water-slurry farm. The particulate materials of the slurry intensifies the process of dispersion, irrigating liquid and its structural viscosity, as well as the stability of the formed foam, which contributes to a more effective manifestation of various wet dust collection mechanisms.The implementation of the installation of a wet dust collector for complex cleaning in the technological line for the preparation of lime milk from the construction materials factory made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust in emissions at the maximum level of ensuring the economy of aspiration systems. The obtained results testify to the positive experience of the operation of wet dust collectors for complex cleaning in the building materials industry, and the regularities connecting the operation modes of the apparatus with the properties of trapped dusts and the features of technological processes make it possible to recommend them for use in various enterprises.
The processes of foundry of machine-building enterprises are accompanied by the release of excess heat and a large number of hazards. Reducing the harmful impact of enterprises on the environment should be ensured by a complex of technological and construction measures, as well as the effective operation of ventilation systems. When designing ventilation systems, it is necessary to solve an optimization problem that takes into account their energy and environmental reliability, and economic efficiency. As a result of the analysis of the reliability of ventilation systems, their energy efficiency, heat consumption for the needs of heating and ventilation of a number of metallurgical industries, in order to reduce operational energy costs, it is recommended to solve a set of problems that include increasing the level of use of secondary energy resources. The authors propose a cyclone-heat exchanger, where cleaning of dust and gas flow and its heat recovery are combined in one apparatus. Design and construction of energy-efficient ventilation systems with high technological reliability will reduce operating power consumption from 30 to 75%.
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