Toxoplasmosis is a common, mainly asymptomatic infection in warm-blooded mammals and bird^.^.^ The infection appears to be more common in some animal species than in others, and there are relatively few reports involving marine mammals. Among marine mammals, toxoplasmosis has been reported in several pinnipeds2 and a manatee' but not in cetaceans. A recent infection involving a female Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and her calf found beached in Florida is on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.6We report toxoplasmosis in a wild, free-living male spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). The animal was 199 cm long and was found beached on Chun's Reef, Haleiwa, Oahu, Hawaii. The carcass was thin, dehydrated, and had very little ingesta in the stomach, and the intestine was empty. Numerous ulcers were noted on the gums, tongue, and oral mucosa. Unidentified tapeworm cysts were found in the skeletal muscle. Consolidation was present in the anterior portion of the left lung, and numerous small nodules were scattered throughout the liver.Although not all of the organs were available for histologic examination, the adrenal glands were severely affected, with numerous large, discrete areas of coagulative necrosis in the cortex (Fig.1). Fewer lesions were in the medulla. Mononuclear leukocytic aggregates composed of lymphocytes and macrophages were found at the periphery of the necrotic areas. In the parenchymal cells were numerous organisms of Toxoplasma gondii, including both tachyzoites (Fig. 2) and tissue cysts. The bradyzoites in tissue cysts stained positively with the periodic acid-Schiff technique (Fig. 3). A diffuse encephalitis was present with numerous small foci of gliosis associated with tissue cysts. The liver had many small, randomly distributed, necrotic foci containing mononuclear leukocytic infiltrates, and T. gondii organisms were found occasionally in hepatocytes. The testes had several small necrotic foci, but no T. gondii was seen. A severe subacute to chronic
The optical instrument transformer is a current and voltage measuring system based on Faraday and Pockels effects, whose principles differ from those of conventional industrial transformers. In principle, this transformer is excellent in such aspects as control of electromagnetic induction noise, rationalization of electrical insulation, and extension of dynamic ranges and frequency bands. By making use of such excellent properties, it is possible to achieve higher performance, higher compactness, and higher reliability of instrument transformers. This paper deals with the designing, assembling, and testing results of a prototype of an optical current transformer (CT) and that of a voltage dividing-type voltage transformer (PD). The optical CT and PD were developed to be applicable to 3-phaseenclosed-type 300kV gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and air-insulated 168kV substation systems. Test results for the newly developed optical CT and PD showed that their basic properties conform with JEC 1201, Japanese standard for electric-power instrument transformers.
Nanoindentation is a simple and effective means for evaluating the mechanical properties of thin films. In such circumstances, nanoindentation testers have been developed and commercialized by some companies. In this study, we tested the standard four specimens using six different types of testers and established a method to evaluate the nanoindentation data. The method requires only two correction factors; one is the frame compliance, Cf, of the testers, and the other is the error of the detection of the original surface which includes both the truncation of the indenter apex and the damage of the surface caused by the preloading of the indenter. The latter correction is conducted by adding a correction length, ΔhC, to the measured penetration depth, h. It was found that the values ΔhC increase with decrease in the hardness of material and are very sensitive to the performance of the testers.
Twenty of 24 dogs with mastocytoma had ulcers of the gastroduodenal mucosa. The ulcers were more frequent in the stomach, less frequent in the duodenum. Perforating ulcers caused death in 3 dogs. Vascular lesions were frequent in these dogs, and it was considered that the vascular alterations may have contributed to the gastroduodenal ulceration associated with mast-cell neoplasms.
In a nanometer order nanoindentation test, roundness or truncation of the indenter tip cannot be avoided. In this paper, we have analyzed the indentation problem of a rounded triangular indentation into a layered elastic half-space by a finite element analysis and then established a method to estimate the intrinsic elastic modulus of the film from the nanoindentation data. The method was applied to analyze the nanoindentation data of a less-than-10 nm penetration depth on a 10 nm thick diamondlike carbon film deposited on a 50 nm thick magnetic layer.
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