Filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries like India. Conventional diagnosis is by demonstrating microfilariae (MF) in the peripheral blood smear. Nocturnal periodicity of the species endemic in India makes it difficult to find microfilariae in blood. Incidental detection of microfilariae (MF) in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears of various sites in clinically unsuspected cases of filariasis without microfilariae in the peripheral blood has been rarely documented in Indian literature. We are reporting interesting detection of MF in 10 aspirates over a period of one year, form various sites as well as lesions ranging from inflammatory to malignancy. This article is intended to highlight that microfilaria can be a finding in clinically unsuspected cases and also without peripheral blood eosinophilia.

Background: The bone marrow examination is an essential investigation for the diagnosis and management of many disorders of the blood and bone marrow. The aspirate and trephine biopsy specimens are complementary and when both are obtained, they provide a comprehensive evaluation of the bone marrow. The present study was conducted to compare the role of trephine biopsy with bone marrow aspiration for effectively diagnosing wide spectrum of hematological diseases. Few studies have compared the relative value of aspirate with trephine biopsy. Materials & Method: This is a three year observational study undertaken in Dept. of Pathology, MKCG MCH, Berhampur,Odisha. A total of 370 cases presented with haematological disorders, of which only126 patients had undergone trephine biopsy and correlation was done with aspiration in these patients. Results: Of a total 370 patients, both BMA & BMB were performed on 126 patients (71male & 55 female). Commonly encountered diseases were AML (17%), IDA (11%), ALL (9%), others (9%), CML (8%), (6%) accounted for maximum number of cases. Other conditions included TB, NPD, Metastatic Diseases such as SRBCT, NHL& Neuroblastoma. Patients from 2 months to 80 years old were encountered in the study. BMB was diagnostic in 100% cases. In comparison BMA, a positive diagnosis was made in 80%(101) cases, suggestive in 6.3%(8) cases & negative in 13.4%(17) cases. BMB was superior to BMA in diagnosis of MF (2%), ALL (4%), Others (9%) where BMA aspirations yielded a dry tap / diluted marrow. In the present study BMB was advantageous in diagnosis & staging in 19%(25) cases. Additional advantages of BMB noted in the present study were assessment of cellularity, detection of Abnormal localization of immature precursors,, assessment of fibrosis, nodular/diffuse/focal patterns of involvement, metastatic deposits, and granuloma could be identified in BMB. Conclusion: The decision whether to perform a BMA alone or in combination with BMB rests on the diagnostic possibilities. In IDA, ITP & Acute leukaemia's where cellular morphology is desired aspiration is best. BMB is superior when assessment of cellularity, detection of ALIP, assessment of fibrosis, nodular/diffuse/focal patterns of involvement, metastatic deposits, granuloma, with the use of IHC on BMB samples the accuracy in diagnosis of Lymphoma, AML/ALL, Multiple myeloma & Metastatic Diseases can be made. Thus BMA & BMB should always go hand in hand.

Thyroid cancers account for around 0.5% of all cancers in males and 1.5% of all cancers in females. FTC is the second most common cancer of thyroid gland after papillary carcinoma. A common mode of presentation is a solitary thyroid nodule. Reported incidence of distant metastasis is between 11 to 25%, but it is very uncommon for the disease to present with distant metastasis at initial presentation itself [1] FTC commonly metastasizes to lungs, bones, brain, and liver. Skeletal metastasis of FTC are usually multiple and have a predilection for shoulder girdle, sternum, skull and iliac bones. [2] Rarely they can be the only presenting symptom. [1,3] When diagnosed early, FTC with metastatic disease has relatively better prognosis as compared with other forms of metastatic malignancies. [3] We report three cases of metastatic FTC which were diagnosed by FNAC.

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Introduction: Gastro-intestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors they have a unique immunophenotype, expressing c-KIT (CD117), DOG-1 and CD34 in most cases. Most commonly occurring in small intestine and stomach.

Background: Tubercular mastitis is a great masquerader and is an extremely rare entity as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis even in endemic countries like India and incidence accounts for 4% of breast lesions. Case report: We report a case of primary TB of breast in a elderly female presenting as diffuse upper left breast lump with indurated and ulcerated overlying skin along with retraction of nipple. Clinically suspicion was of abscess and duct ectasia. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast lump with touch imprint smears was done. FNAC showed epithelioid cell granulomas, Langhans type of giant cells with the presence of acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stains. Conclusion: FNAC diagnosis of tubercular mastitis is a useful tool for the proper management and treatment of patient thus avoiding unnecessary surgery.

BACKGROUND Seroma formation is the commonest complication of modified radical mastectomy. Exact pathophysiology and risk factors for seroma is still a matter of debate. This prospective cross-sectional study aims to detect incidence of seroma formation in patients undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) in carcinoma breast and to identify risk factors for seroma in MRM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma breast over a period of 1 year were enrolled and prospectively followed up. Patients were assessed for parameters including age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, serum haemoglobin levels, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and T-stage in preoperative period. Level of lymph node dissection and type of drainage used were also assessed. Drain volumes in each postoperative day was documented and mean volumes calculated. Clinically detectable seroma, if present, was diagnosed 14 days after removal of drain. RESULTS Out of the 118 patients studied, incidence of seroma was found to be in 22.88%. Incidence of seroma was found to be higher in patients with BMI >25. It was also significantly higher in patients with first day drain volume more than 150 mL. No statistically significant difference in incidence was noted with age, diabetes, hypertension, serum haemoglobin levels, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, T-stage of disease or level of lymph node dissection. CONCLUSION Incidence of seroma is higher in patients with BMI >25. Occurrence of seroma can be predicted even on the first postoperative day, if the drain volume is more than 150 mL.

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