Objective: It is well known that both gastric and intestinal phenotypic cell markers are expressed in gastric carcinomas, irrespective of their histologic type. However, the clinicopathologic significance of these expressions has not yet been clarified. Methods: We analyzed the correlations among gastric and intestinal phenotypic marker expression patterns of the tumor, clinicopathologic findings and the patient’s outcome in 136 advanced gastric carcinomas. Results: Phenotypic marker expression was immunohistochemically evaluated using the monoclonal antibodies 45M1 (anti-human gastric mucin; HGM), CLH5 (anti-MUC6), Ccp58 (anti-MUC2) and 56C6 (anti-CD10). All tumors were classified as gastric (G), gastric and intestinal mixed (GI), intestinal (I) or unclassified (UC) phenotype. Of the 136 gastric carcinomas, 50 (36.8%), 56 (41.2%), 21 (15.4%) and 9 (6.6%) were classified as G, GI, I and UC phenotype, respectively. The G-phenotype tumors were associated with a higher rate of undifferentiated-type and infiltrative histology as compared with the I-phenotype tumors (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate analysis of survival revealed the G-phenotype tumor to be associated with a significantly poorer outcome than the I-phenotype tumor (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our present results indicate that the gastric and intestinal phenotypic marker expression pattern of tumors, determined by the combination of HGM, MUC6, MUC2 and CD10 expression, is prognostically useful for patients with gastric carcinoma.
SUMMARYSecretory component (SC or polymeric immunoglobulin receptor) on mucosal epithelial cells mediates transcytosis of polymeric immunoglobulin into external fluids and functions as a receptor for polymeric immunoglobulin. SC expression in a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29 has been reported to be up-regulated by various cytokines, such as interferon-c, tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-4 (IL-4). However, up-regulation of SC by IL-1 is controversial. In this study, we investigated the effect of human recombinant IL-1 alone on SC expression in HT-29 cells in detail. Immunocytochemistry and Northern blot analysis revealed that IL-1b increased both the number of SC-positive cells and SC mRNA expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that IL-1b enhanced secretion by HT-29 cells in both time-and dose-dependent manners. IL-1a had the same effects on HT-29 cells. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that cycloheximide and actinomycin D abolished the effect of IL-1. Moreover, we detected IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) type I mRNA in HT-29 cells by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and sequenced the PCR-amplified product. We think that it reflects the possibility of the presence of IL-1R in HT-29 cells. From these data, we concluded that IL-1b and IL-1a play regulatory roles in SC expression, and their effects depend on de novo protein synthesis and transcription.
The characterization of a novel Rickettsia species, first isolated from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan in 1993, is described for which the name Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is proposed. Using multilocus sequence comparison, five rickettsial isolates from I. ovatus collected at various locations in Japan were found to be identical but belonged to a novel species. Serotyping also demonstrated this rickettsia to be distinct from previously described Rickettsia species. The type strain of Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is IO-1T (=CSUR R2T). Following discussions held at the meeting of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and its Judicial Commission (JC) in San Francisco, 2005, and in anticipation of the published minutes of the JC and ICSP, a committee consisting of the chairman of the ICSP, the chairman of the Judicial Commission of the ICSP and the Editor of the IJSEM has granted an exception in this case to the Rule governing the deposit of type material in two different collections in two different countries.
Muon-spin-rotation and -relaxation studies have been performed on ͑CH 3 ͒ 2 CHNH 3 Cu͑Cl x Br 1−x ͒ 3 with x = 0.85 and 0.95, which are solid solutions of the two isomorphic spin-gap systems ͑CH 3 ͒ 2 CHNH 3 CuCl 3 and ͑CH 3 ͒ 2 CHNH 3 CuBr 3 with different spin gaps. The sample with x = 0.85 showed a clear muon spin rotation under zero-field below T N = 11.65 K, indicating the existence of a long-range antiferromagnetic order. A critical exponent of the hyperfine field was obtained to be  = 0.33, which agrees with 3D-Ising model. In the other sample with x = 0.95, an anomalous enhancement of the muon spin relaxation was observed at very low temperatures indicating a critical slowing down due to a magnetic instability of the ground state.
The spin-gap system with a bond-disorder ͑CH 3 ͒ 2 CHNH 3 -Cu͑Cl x Br 1−x ͒ 3 is reported by experiments on macroscopic quantities of the uniform susceptibility and the specific heat to show a magnetic order at low temperatures ͑when the value of x is within the limited region between 0.44 and 0.87͒ and otherwise a gapped behavior. We have investigated microscopically the ground state of the sample with x = 0.35 by muon spin relaxation ͑SR͒ to observe that the frequency spectrum of the spin fluctuation tends to concentrate around zero energy as lowering temperatures. This behavior was interpreted as the soft mode toward the possible magnetic phase transition at absolute zero.
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