RESUMENSe present a un enfoqu e panorâmic o d e estúdios epidemiológicos , clínico s y experimentales referente s a Loxoscele s laet a y loxoscelism o efectuado s e n 1955-198 8 en Santiago , Chile .Se estudiaro n 21 6 caso s d e loxoscelismo . Los hechos más relevante s fueron : 52,8 % correspondió a mujeres; eda d entre 7 meses y 7 8 anos; 84,3 % fu é loxoscelismo cutâne o (LC) y 15,7 % loxoscelism o cutáneo-viscera l (LCV) ; 73,6 % sucedi ó e n époc a calurosa ; en 86,6 % e l accidente ocurri ó e n l a vivienda, especialment e e n dormitórios , mientra s la person a dormia o s e vestia. La arah a fu é vist a e n 60,2 % d e lo s caso s e identificad a en laboratório com o L . laeta e n 17,7 % (10,6 % d e lo s 21 6 casos) . Lo s sitios más frecue n temente afectado s fuero n Ia s extremidades co n 67,6% , lancetazo urent e fu é e l sintoma inicia l má s frecuente . Dolor , edem a y plac a livedoide , l a cua l posteriorment e se transformari a e n escar a necrótica , fuero n la s manifestacione s locale s predominantes. E n LCV hematuri a y hemoglobinuri a fuero n constantes , ictericia , fiebr e y compromiso d e concienci a s e presentaron e n l a mayorí a d e lo s casos .Tratamiento: L C co n antihistamínico s o corticoide s inyectables , LCV con corticoides inyectables .La condició n d e lo s paciente s e n e l últim o contro l fué : curació n complet a e n 75,5%, curació n co n secuel a cicatriza i e n 8,3% , muert e e n 3,7 % (todo s co n LCV ) y abandon o e n 12,5 % . El loxoscelism o e n Chil e e s causado po r Loxosceles laeta 12 2 1 4 2 44 , espéci e habitualment e doméstica, d e colo r pardo-caf é má s oscur o e n el abdomen , cuy o cuerp o mid e 8-1 5 mm , mie n tras qu e su s patas mide n 8-3 0 mm (Fig . 1) .

ABSTRACT. Disorders of the scalp often result in severe cosmetic interference with quality of life, creating the need for optimal medical surveillance. We tested the latest generation of ultrasound machines in patients with scalp pathology and prepared a cross-sectional library encompassing a wide assortment of conditions. Normative data on the sonographic anatomy of scalp and human hair, and important methodological considerations, are also included. To improve the medical approach to diseases of the scalp, we evaluated colour Doppler ultrasound, a technique already applied to the study of localised lesions of the skin [2]. We screened 12 461 ultrasound examinations performed over the past 8 years at a national skin sonography referral centre, and selected 221 patients (168 male, 53 female) with scalp lesions. Sonograms were also performed on 33 healthy volunteers (31 male, 2 female). We then prepared a pictorial presentation highlighting sonographic characteristics of scalp skin, scalp hair and eyelashes, and archetypal scalp pathology

Sonography is a noninvasive imaging method that can reliably detect common benign tumors and pseudotumors of the nail and provide precise data about their characteristics. This imaging modality can support diagnosis and surgery and can allow a better definition and improvement of the cosmetic outcome of the treatment.

The skin and nails are commonly involved in rheumatic conditions, both by the primary disease and/or long-term immunosuppressive treatments. These superficial affections may also imply a worsening of the quality of life in patients and cosmetic sequels. The latest advances in ultrasound technology show that skin and nail abnormalities are now recognizable and therefore susceptible to follow-up non-invasively. Thus, an ultrasound examination of these superficial tissues may be an adjunct tool for evaluating the progression and/or severity of rheumatic diseases in their primary or secondary manifestations.

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