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Red light (RL) marked higher weight gain (WG) and preference of broilers compared to other light colors. This study aimed to investigate how different intensities of RL affect the performance, behavior and welfare of broilers. RL treatments were T1 = high intensity (320 lux), T2 = medium intensity (20 lux); T3 = dim intensity (5 lux), T4 = control/white light at (20 lux) provided on 20L:4D schedule and T5 = negative control; 12 hours dark: 12 hours day light. Cobb strain broilers were used in a Complete Randomize Design with 6 replicates. WG, water/feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, behavior and welfare were assessed. At 35 d, significantly (p<0.05) highest body weight (2,147.06 g±99) was recorded by T3. Lowest body weight (1,640.55 g±56) and FCR (1.34) were recorded by T5. Skin weight was the only carcass parameter showed a significant (p<0.05) influence giving the highest (56.2 g) and the lowest (12.6 g) values for T5 and T1 respectively. Reduced welfare status indicated by significantly (p<0.05) higher foot pad lesions, hock burns and breast blisters was found under T3, due to reduced expression of behavior. Highest walking (2.08%±1%) was performed under T1 in the evening during 29 to 35 days. Highest dust bathing (3.01%±2%) was performed in the morning during 22 to 28 days and highest bird interaction (BI) (4.87%±4%) was observed in the evening by T5 during 14 to 21 days. Light intensity×day session×age interaction was significantly (p<0.05) affected walking, dust bathing and BI. Light intensity significantly (p<0.05) affected certain behaviors such as lying, eating, drinking, standing, walking, preening while lying, wing/leg stretching, sleeping, dozing, BI, vocalization, idling. In conclusion, birds essentially required provision of light in the night for better performance. Exposed to 5 lux contributed to higher WG, potentially indicating compromised welfare status. Further researches are suggested to investigate RL intensity based lighting regimen that favors for both production and welfare of Broilers.

Samarakone, T. S. and Gonyou, H. W. 2008. Productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs in large groups. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 9Á17. A total of eight 11-wk trials were conducted to evaluate the productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs [initial body weight (BW) 031.895.4 kg (mean9SD), n 02304] in two group size treatments (18 and 108 pigs pen (1 ). Pigs were housed on fully-slatted floors, provided one wet/dry feeder space for every nine pigs, and a floor space allowance of 0.76 m 2 pig (1 in both group sizes. The level of aggression at grouping was recorded for 2 h starting 0, 24 and 48 h following grouping into small and large groups. Pigs were weighed on weeks 0, 2, 5, 7 and 11, and average daily gain (ADG) was obtained. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was recorded during two periods (weeks 2 to 5 and 7 to 11). There was no difference in percentage of time spent on aggression between two group sizes up to 48 h following grouping. ADG for the entire 11-wk trial was affected (2 %) by large group size (0.971 and 0.955 kg d(1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; PB0.05). However, the greatest effect on ADG was observed during the first 2 wk following grouping (0.919 and 0.833 kg d(1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; PB0.001). There were no significant effects due to group size on ADFI, feed efficiency, variability in final BW within a pen, carcass traits or mortality and morbidity (P 0.05). In summary, the overall productivity and aggression at grouping did not differ substantially between group sizes of 18 and 108 pigs pen (1 . Les animaux ont e´te´pese´s aux semaines 0, 2, 5, 7 et 11, ce qui a permis d'e´tablir leur gain quotidien moyen (GQM). La prise alimentaire moyenne par jour a e´te´enregistre´e au cours de deux pe´riodes (2 e a5 e semaine et 7 e a`11 e semaine). Le temps passe´en agressions est le meˆme peu importe la taille du groupe, jusqu'a`48 h suivant le rassemblement. Le GQM pour l'essai de 11 semaines est affecte´(2 %) par la taille du groupe (0,971 et 0,955 kg par jour pour le groupe de 18 et de 108 sujets, respectivement; PB0,05). Ne´anmoins, l'incidence la plus importante sur le GQM survient durant les deux premie`res semaines suivant le rassemblement (0,919 et 0,833 kg par jour respectivement pour les groupes de 18 et de 108 porcs; PB0,001). La taille du groupe n'a pas d'incidence significative sur la prise alimentaire moyenne par jour, l'indice de consommation, la variabilite´du poids corporel final dans l'enclos, les parame`tres de la carcasse ni la mortalite´et la morbidite´(P0,05). En re´sume´, la productivite´ge´ne´rale et le taux d'agression lors du regroupement ne varient pas e´norme´ment avec la taille du groupe, lorsqu'on compte 18 ou 108 porcs par enclos.Mots clé s: Grand groupe, croissance-finition, porc, productivite´, agression Group size, while maintaining equal floor space per pig, is an important consideration in designing housing and allocating resources for pigs in any commercial production system. The behaviour, productivi...

ABSTRACT. Preference (PR) of broilers (Cobb) for four different Light Colors (LC); red [RD], white [WT], green [GN] and blue [BL]; 5 W at 20 lux were tested on group level at 3-5 wks of age (AG)

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