Ferrovanadium is essential for the production of many alloy steels. It is made by the aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxides, together with scrap steel and burnt lime as a flux at very high temperatures. In this work, the theory of aluminothermic reduction is discussed, and then a computational thermodynamics model is described and its input parameters are discussed and justified. The model predicted very satisfactorily the composition of both the ferrovanadium and waste slag from a heat at the Windimurra smelter in Western Australia. Moreover, the modelling revealed that published data on the activity coefficient of VO 1.5 in slag were likely to be seriously in error. It was shown that increasing the recovery of vanadium to the ferroalloy was accompanied by a rapid increase in its aluminium content, which is limited by commercial specifications. The limit on the silicon content of ferrovanadium can only be met by limiting the input of SiO 2 to the furnace. The model provides a useful basis for assessing process improvements.
A221what or very much affected their performance at work. In our multivariate logistic regression model examining change in employment status, the number of hours/ week of caregiving, use of support services, a PHQ-2 depression score of 4+, caring for a spouse, younger age and lower income were statistically significant. In our analysis examining change in work performance, the number of hours/week of caregiving, use of support services, PHQ-2 score of 4+, providing assistance with greater number of ADLs and greater number of IADLs, and younger age were significant. ConClusions: Informal caregivers report high levels of change in employment and performance. Caregiver burden and the presence of depressive symptoms were strongly associated with a change in employment status and work performance as a result of caregiving. Efforts aimed at identifying high levels of caregiver burden and depressive symptoms among caregivers may potentially have an impact on employment for some caregivers.
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