This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link:http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15537/ Link to published version: http://dx.Abstract This paper describes the implementation of a 3-dimensional concrete constitutive model for fiber-based analysis of reinforced concrete members subjected to combined loadings including torsion. The proposed model is formulated to address the interaction between the axial force, bidirectional shear, biaxial bending, and torsion. The shear mechanism along the beam is modeled using a Timoshenko beam approach with three dimensional (3-D) frame elements with arbitrary cross-section geometry. The model considers the 3D equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive laws of materials at the section and structural level. The concrete constitutive law follows the Softened Membrane Model (SMM) with a tangent-stiffness formulation. The emphasis of the paper is on evaluation of the effect of the different stress states on the global and local behavior of the member. The ability of the model to assess the ultimate strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, failure modes under 3-dimensional loading is evaluated by correlation of analytical results with experimental tests of RC specimens. 1 Sr. Staff Engr., MMI Engineering Inc, Houston, TX 77077; formerly, Grad. Student,
This is the published version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Analytical studies are conducted to develop an effective analytical model to simulate the non-linear response of reinforced concrete (RC) walls subjected to three-dimensional (3D) loads. The interaction between the concrete and steel is taken into account with consideration of the smeared behaviour of steel and tension stiffening of concrete. Permanent repository linkThe proposed model is formulated to address the interaction between the axial force, shear, bending and torsion loads. The shear mechanism along the beam is modelled by adopting a Timoshenko beam approach for 3D frame elements with arbitrary cross-section geometry. The non-linear behaviour of the composite element is derived entirely from the constitutive laws of concrete and steel. The concrete constitutive model follows the softened membrane model that predicts the tensile cracking, compression crushing, strain softening, steel yielding and material damage under combined loadings. The validity of the model is established through a correlation study of experimentally tested RC shear walls subjected to monotonic loading conditions. Notation f 9 c uniaxial concrete compressive strength f sx , f s y , f sz reinforcing bar stresses along the x, y and z directionsglobal coordinates of reinforced concrete element 1-2-3 direction of applied principal tensile stress [AE 1 ] angle between (x-y-z) coordinate system and (1-2-3) coordinate system AE Ã r1 deviation angle between applied stress angle AE 1 and rotating angle AE r fåg ¼ fåultimate strain in 1-2-3 directions å sx , å s y , å sz equivalent uniaxial strain in the reinforcement in x, y and z directions fì 12 ì 21 ì 23 ì 32 ì 13 ì 31 g T Hsu/Zhu ratios ae softened coefficient of concrete in compression r s x , r s y , r s z smeared steel ratio in x, y andultimate stresses in 1-2-3 directions fó IntroductionReinforced concrete (RC) structural walls are effective in resisting lateral loads imposed on buildings. They provide substantial strength as well as the deformation capacity needed to meet the demands of severe loading conditions. Simulation of the complex behaviour of RC shear walls requires accurate constitutive modelling of the RC material. Two-dimensional (2D) continuum plane stress or three-dimensional (3D) solid elements are typically used for this purpose, but such elements are computationally very expensive. Previous studies showed that beamcolumn elements can be used to simulate the behaviour of RC shear walls (Bolander and Wight, 1991 exercised, however, when using such elements since they cannot simulate localised damage and local distortions in detailed regions such as near openings. In addition, beam-column elements based on elementary beam theories cannot predict the behaviour of walls with small aspect ratios, typically less than 1 (Mazars et al., 2002).Fibre beam-column elements (Spacone et al., 1996) are considered the most efficient beam elements owing to their...
Impact analysis of nuclear plant structural walls composed of surface steel plates, tie-bars, shear studs and concrete are discussed utilizing a simplified model of a fictitious wall to perform the analysis using LS-DYNA. The concrete constitutive model is based on Winfrith concrete model which covers all aspects of concrete behavior including cracking. The model was used to conduct a series of numerical studies to evaluate the effect of several parameters affecting the behavior of the wall. These parameters include thickness of the wall, thickness of the steel plate and diameter of tie bars. These studies resulted in several conclusions regarding the global and local behavior of the steel plated concrete wall system.
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