The main aim of this research is to determine the impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of banking sector operating in Sialkot Pakistan. Integrated intellectual capital model (IICM) was used to achieve the objective of the study. Structured questionnaire survey forms were used to collect the data from the targeted respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to choose the targeted sample. A total of 210 out of 250 completed and usable questionnaires survey were returned. Six research hypotheses were constructed to address the objectives of this study. Smart PLS 3.0 was used to test the proposed research hypotheses. The findings showed that the three hypotheses were supported while remaining were not. This study will provide a clear understanding about the concept and applications of intellectual capital in banking sector. This study will be a milestone for the potential researchers to conduct their studies in Pakistani context.

Internet banking is gaining popularity in Malaysia due to its convenience which is achieved by unique business interactions between banking institutions and customers via websites and mobile applications. However, the incredible escalation of internet fraud cases has caused increased privacy and security risks for internet banking customers. Based on a review of literature, this paper developed a research framework to gauge the impact of customer perception about the effectiveness of biometrics technology on perceived privacy and security and its influence on trust and intention to continue internet banking. In light of the growing viability of biometrics technology as a solution for internet banking issues, the developed framework is then used to assess whether perceptions of biometrics effectiveness for internet banking has significant impact on the relationship between trust and perceptions of privacy as well as security. By testing the framework using a sample of 413 internet banking users, this study offers significant insights into the potential effectiveness of biometrics technology application in an internet banking context to alleviate privacy and security concerns and improve trust among Malaysian customers. The findings revealed that although there was an insignificant relationship between perceived privacy and trust, perceived biometrics effectiveness significantly influenced the strength of the relationships between both perceived privacy and perceived security with trust.

Nowadays, transactions on e-commerce platforms (e-payment) utilizing a credit card are popular. Using credit cards for electronic purchases over the Internet is much different from offline purchases in traditional stores; only online transactions do not include either physical credit card or a signature. The e-payment has become a common mode of payment for online transactions made. It is an electronic billing system that gives clients the ability to make payments using the Internet. The objective of this paper was to analyze the associations among continuance intention e-payment, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, social influence, and actual usage of e-payment. The data was tested empirically on data collected from 667 Generation Z e-payment users in Malaysia. The results found that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and social influence impacted the actual usage of e-payment. Surprisingly, effort expectancy was not significantly associated with the actual e-payment usage. The findings of this study have several implications for managers and point the way towards future research. No prior empirical study has investigated the role of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model on e-payment usage among Generation Z in Malaysia to the best of the authors’ knowledge. These results provide valuable contributions that can help decision-makers formulate or adjust their strategies associated with e-payments.

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Usually, business students perform better in entrepreneurship subjects as compared to non-business students. This study aims to compare performance between business and non-business students. Five variables (student engagement, student interactions, satisfaction, efficiency, and effectiveness) were included in the research framework as this study was underpinned by the Social Constructivism Approach. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from business students and nonbusiness students who were enrolled in the course Fundamental of Entrepreneurship. The data for the study was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.3.3. First, the invariance of measurement items was assessed using the Permutation analysis and then we ran a multigroup analysis to assess the measurement, structural model and group comparison. The results of this study reveal a significant difference between the positive direct effect between student interaction and effectiveness among business and non-business students. The results also show a significant difference between the indirect effect between student engagement and effectiveness among the compared groups. This study contributes to the literature within the spectrum of the Social Constructivism Approach. Moreover, the study outlines practical contributions to the higher learning institutions that use the online learning approach for large classrooms.