Nodular hidradenoma or clear cell hidradenoma is a rare skin adenexal tumor which arises from eccrine sweat glands. Skin adenexal tumors situated in the breast parenchyma are still very rare and is one of the differential diagnoses of breast tumors. Failure to identify its morphologic features may lead to a mistaken diagnosis and over treatment. We report a case of breast lump, in a 40-year-old lady, which was diagnosed clinically as a malignant breast lump. Final diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma was made only after excision biopsy as fi ne needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive.
Pancytopenia is reduction in all the three hematopoietic cell lines as seen in the peripheral blood. As hematopoietic cells are produced in the marrow, its examination forms an important tool in assessing the etiology of pancytopenia. AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify the etiology of pancytopenia using bone marrow examination and to correlate it with iron stores in the marrow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out over a period of six years in the department of pathology at Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre from August 2008 to July 2014. In this period, a total of 765 bone marrow examinations were done, out of which 172 (22%) fulfilled the criteria for pancytopenia. Clinical details, complete blood picture and bone marrow aspiration were done in all the cases. In some cases, trephine biopsy was also done. The biochemical investigations of serum B 12, folic acid and the serum iron profile were available in few cases. RESULTS: In the 172 cases studied, the most common etiology for pancytopenia on marrow examination was that of megaloblastic anemia (38.95 %), followed by erythroid hyperplasia (19.18 %) and dimorphic anemia (14.53 %). Trephine biopsies helped in the diagnosis of aplastic anemias. The iron stores were found to be increased in cases of megaloblastic anemias (61.19 %). There were seven patients on antituberculous treatment, four showed megaloblastic anemia and two had hypoplastic marrows. CONCLUSIONS: Megaloblastic anemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia in our study. The iron stores are usually high in cases of megaloblastic anemia. Patients on antituberculous drugs should be monitored. The biochemical investigations and the marrow examination should always be performed prior to instituting the treatment.
Tissue diagnosis is essential for effective management of bone and soft tissue lesions. In this regard pathologist plays a crucial role in patient management by giving appropriate diagnosis. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of core needle biopsies (CNB) by comparing with excised specimens, and to calculate the specificity (sp), sensitivity (sn), positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive value (npv) of CNB, and to study the complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the bone and soft tissue tumor cases (60 cases, 50 bone and 10 soft tissue cases). Core needle biopsies (CNB) were performed in all cases at our institute, using a Jamshidi needle for bone lesions and tru-cut needle for soft tissue lesions between March 2010 and February 2014. Biopsy accuracy and errors were determined on the basis of histopathological examination of the excised specimens. RESULTS: Of the sixty CNBs done at our institute, we had 32 benign (30 bone & 2 soft tissue) and 28 malignant (20 bone & 8 soft tissue) cases. On correlating with excised specimens CNB reports were diagnostic and accurate in 58 cases (96%). Two false negative cases (major errors, 8% and 0% minor errors) reported. The sp, sn, ppv, and npv were calculated for benign and malignant lesions. No complications were seen with CNB. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that core needle biopsy is safe and reliable for diagnosing the bone and soft tissue lesions.
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