Crops of faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) were surveyed for the frequencies of pollination of stigmas, and fertilization of ovules, based on the detection of pollen tubes by fluroescence of aniline blue fluorochrome. The frequency of pollination ranged from 89.8 to 99.6% over crops, with an overall mean of 96.8%. Pistil fertilization varied from 88.4 to 99.1% about a mean of 95.5%; overall, 82.2% of all ovules examined were fertilized. There was no significant main effect of flower position in the raceme, although there were significant crop x floral position effects on fertilization. Mean ovule fertilization rate declined from a mean 91.6% for ovule 1 closest to the stigma to 56.7% for the fourth. Pollination was the controlling factor in the steps toward fertilization, there being a 99% likelihood that pistil fertilization would occur following pollination. It was concluded that neither pollination nor fertilization were limiting seed yield in these crops. There was also no evidence that measurable postfertilization abortion of ovules occurred, but that reductions in potential yield occurred owing to pod abortion.
Variation in the frequencies of pollination and ovule fertilization was generated among faba bean (Vicia faba L .) genotypes in experiments which compared self-and open-pollination, natural and extended photoperiods, presence and absence of honey bees and a range of plant populations .There was a near-1 :1 relationship between the frequencies of pollination of stigmas and the fertilization of at least one ovule within the pistil . Pollination was the major barrier to fertilization of the pistil, and ovules, since no mechanism was evident in the style to prevent pistil fertilization . The frequency with which single ovules were fertilized in pollinated pistils fell as their distance from the stigma increased, and averaged 83 .5% overall . The frequency of pollination was most influenced by the level of autofertility possessed by the genotype, and the activity of pollinators . Provision of honey bees to plants in caged plots showed that high levels of pollination could be achieved under open-pollinated conditions, but this was also influenced by autofertility .Increasing plant population in the field had only a small effect on pollination, but extending photoperiod caused the levels and timing of self-pollination in three genotypes to vary .Large differences were found among genotypes in their early stigma receptivity, that is, the frequency of stigmas found to be pollinated at the erect standard stage, prior to the flower opening and being visited by bees . The implications of early stigma receptivity for producing new cultivars were discussed .
An interspecific hybrid between Lycopersicon esculentum (♀) and L. peruvianum has been raised by embryo rescue in vitro and used to confirm the presence of a new S-allelic specificity in its inbred L. peruvianum parent, a plant derived by enforced bud self-pollination of a self-incompatible clone with the genotype S 1 S 2. The inbred plant showed breeding behavior characteristic of both S 2 and a second specificity which was not S 1, S 2, S 3 or S f. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of stylar proteins, however, showed only a single typical S-associated component with the Mr and pI characteristic of S2. The alteration in specificity, therefore, was not associated with a detectable change in an S-associated protein. The F1 interspecific hybrid showed intermediacy of vegetative and reproductive characters, relatively high fertility and full self-incompatibility. Backcrossing to L. esculentum produced only abortive seeds requiring embryo culture. Backcrosses to L. peruvianum produced a very low proportion of filled germinable seeds. Pollen of the hybrid showed superior viability and tube growth rate compared with pollen of the two parent plants.
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