Agriculture continues to move forward confidently. Before our eyes, the agrarian industry is reviving, becoming stronger, taking a strong position at the forefront of the Russian economy. The most important achievement of 2017 was a record grain harvest of 130 million tons. This result was achieved not only by increasing the cultivated areas, which increased by 620 thousand hectares in 2017, but also thanks to the record yield, which amounted to 28 kg / ha, which is 80% higher than in 2000. The maximum harvest in the history of new and Soviet Russia, which will ensure our country a strong leadership in the world wheat market. Russian agriculture remains a driver of the country’s economic development. For the second year in a row, we get a record harvest of not only grain, but also sugar beets and sunflowers, the production of soybeans, rapeseed and greenhouse vegetables is growing. In the new season, grain exports will reach 45 million tons, including more than 35 million tons of wheat. Russia is expanding the geography of its presence, having mastered new directions for the supply of agricultural products. At the end of 10 months of 2017, grain exports increased by 22% compared to the same period in 2016 and amounted to 32 million tons. During the same time, the export of Russian wheat exceeded 24 million tons, which is 23% more than a year earlier. … In Russia, over 17 years, the volume of grain production increased 2 times, sugar beet and sunflower - 2-3 times, soybeans and rapeseed - 10, greenhouse vegetables - 1.8, poultry meat - 6, pork - 2. Fish - 2 times. Greenhouse vegetable growing and horticulture are developing intensively. Progress is being made in the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture. The dairy industry is undergoing a significant transformation, and production volumes on farms are growing. These are new growth points for the agro-industrial complex. Thanks to the achievements of domestic scientists, grain production of agricultural crops can be increased due to many factors. One of the factors is foliar dressing with liquid micro- and macro-fertilizers. Therefore, we studied various combinations of liquid micro-, macrofertilizers, as well as the bio-logical product Albit, in order to identify the best option and recommend it for produc-tion.
Root rot is a disease of plants, which have weak plant resistance to pathogens (from seed or soil inoculum) and environmental factors. Depending on the cultivation zone, the degree of saturation with one crop, agricultural technologies and varieties, the species, racial, strain composition of pathogens is constantly changing. The manifestations of root rot at an early stage of plant development are especially harmful. Healthy seed is a contribution to successful production, but stressful factors often attack plants with infectious pathophlora in the soil. The article discusses the use of combined soil mixtures as a stimulating factor in increasing the stress resistance of plants with the further production of healthy plants and seed material, which is a necessary reality of modern scientific technologies.
The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology in 2016-2019 in two field experiments on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils. The aim of the study was to identify the most promising perennial herbs for the organization of a green line in order to make more rational use of labor and technical resources. As the study showed that meadow alfalfa is superior in the first year, but from 2 years old, yellow-hybrid alfalfa comes out on top; timothy and especially fescue and wheatgrass reduced the yield. 2. On average, over 3 years, the highest yield of dry matter of feed units and metabolic energy in the harvest was provided by yellow hybrid alfalfa - 61 c/ha, 45 c/ha 58 gJ/ha and timothy grass, respectively 6 with an undoubted superiority of alfalfa in the yield of digestible protein - 8 against 2.96 c/ha of timothy grass. The disadvantage of alfalfa is the difficulty of seed production due to the long flowering period and cross-pollination, the seeds are formed in the lower part of the stem, and flowering continues.
The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology in 2016-2018 in two field experiments on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils. The aim of the research was to select among the widest range of forage crops the most productive ones with high nutritional value and low cost for organizing green and raw materials conveyors in order to make more rational use of labor and technical resources. Among the annual crops and mixtures, the most productive for three years on average were sunflower, Sudan grass, white lupine and oats: the crop of fodder units was respectively: - 49.9; 50.9; 49.9 and 47.9 centners per hectare; mixtures with peas, they are inferior to single-species crops due to pea damage by powdery mildew and pea weevil, and white sunflower with lupine ensured an equal collection of feed units — 49.9 centners per hectare and the highest provision of digestible protein —127 g in 1 fodder unit. Of the perennial grasses yellow-hybrid alfalfa and timothy grass, which it is expedient to grow in mixed sowing to increase the productive longevity of herbs and reduce the cost of feed, proved to be the most promising.
The relevance of the topic of scientific research is associated with the use of new liquid fertilizers and a growth regulator in spring wheat crops to increase the yield and quality of grain in the central zone of the Orenburg region. Ensuring food security today is becoming one of the most urgent tasks set by the government of the Russian Federation for domestic agriculture. To solve this problem, it is necessary, first of all, to increase the yield of agricultural crops, rationally using all the factors affecting it. One of these factors is the timely and sufficient application of mineral fertilizers, the cost of which largely determines the size of the cost of production. The emergence of precision farming is associated, first of all, with the improvement of all types of agricultural machinery and technologies, as well as with the rapid development of computer technology, methods of computer modeling and information technology. The integrating basis of the technology is geographic information systems that allow registering and processing information characterizing the state of soil and crops. This information makes it possible to effectively use one of the most significant resources in crop production - mineral fertilizers.
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