SummaryBackground: Replacement of animal protein with soy protein in the diet is associated with decreased cholesterol levels. However, the effects of soy protein diet on endothelial function are not well known.Hypothesis: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of soy protein diet on plasma lipids and endothelial function parameters assessed by two different methods.Methods: Twenty hypercholesterolemic, nonsmoker male patients (age 50.1 k 1 1.8 years), with a normal body mass index, were included. After calculating their daily requirements, a diet with 25-30% of energy from fats, 10-12% from proteins, and the rest from carbohydrates was instituted. Sixty percent of the animal source proteins of the diet were substituted by soy. The anthropometric measures, lipid parameters, and endothelial functions of the subjects were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks after soy protein diet. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD) and plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels were evaluated as endothelial function parameters.Results: After diet, plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglyceride lev-
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