The research results carried out on light-chestnut soils in 2011-2017 are presented, in order to determine the rational parameters of the water, nutritional regimes of the soil and various varieties of fodder galega to create highly productive herbage with their long-term use. The study of the fertilizers calculated doses influence and various pre-irrigation soil moisture thresholds on the herbage density showed that the maximum number of shoots was formed in the Magistr variety crops while maintaining an 80% moisture threshold due to an improved nutritional background. Under the same growing conditions, the highest symbiotic activity and photosynthetic activity of plants were noted. The yield of the fodder galega was significantly influenced by the moisture supply and the nutritional medium. The pre-irrigation soil moisture threshold maintaining at 80% minimum water capacity and the fertilizers application contributed to the formation of 47-83 t / ha of green mass, which meets the high requirements for the feed quality assessment. The accumulation of the root mass contributed to the enrichment of the soil with organic matter and nitrogen, most of which was obtained through the work of nodule-forming bacteria.
The article presents the results of many years research on the new valuable reed fescue bluegrass crop attracting to the fodder production of the region. Rational combinations of the main crop-forming factors were established: timing, sowing methods and their effect on the fescue productivity when used for seed and fodder purposes, ensuring the receipt of 400 to 800 kg/ha of seeds and from 20 to 30 t/ha of green mass. Reed fescue, when optimizing the conditions of the soil water and nutritional regime, timing, sowing methods and norms, is able to influence the fertility and the content of basic nutrients in the soil, by accumulating the root mass by the years of life from 5.0-6.0 to 17.7-20.4 t/ha of dry roots, which contributes to the introduction of 52-73 to 123-187 kg of nitrogen, 10-38 - phosphorus and 149-204 kg/ha of potassium.
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