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In the present work, we suggested anion exchange resins in the phosphate form as a source of phosphate, one of the substrates of the phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and 1-(β-ᴅ-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (Ara-U) catalyzed by recombinant E. coli uridine (UP) and thymidine (TP) phosphorylases. α-ᴅ-Pentofuranose-1-phosphates (PF-1Pis) obtained by phosphorolysis were used in the enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides. It was found that phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and Ara-U in the presence of Dowex® 1X8 (phosphate; Dowex-nPi) proceeded smoothly in the presence of magnesium cations in water at 20–50 °C for 54–96 h giving rise to quantitative formation of the corresponding pyrimidine bases and PF-1Pis. The resulting PF-1Pis can be used in three routes: (1) preparation of barium salts of PF-1Pis, (2) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the crude PF-1Pi with an heterocyclic base, and (3) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the ionically bound PF-1Pi to the resin with an heterocyclic base. These three approaches were tested in the synthesis of nelarabine, kinetin riboside, and cladribine with good to excellent yields (52–93%).

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New derivatives of purine nucleosides containing the residues of N,N-diethylethylenediamine or N-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine in 6-position of heterobase have been synthesized. The one-step preparation of 6-N-substituted nucleosides was performed in good yields by the amination of 6-Cl-derivatives of O-acetylated purine nucleosides and concomitant deacylation of OH-groups of a carbohydrate moiety with N,N-diethylethylenediamine or N-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine.