Эозинофильный эзофагит-это хроническое иммунное антигенопосредованное воспалительное заболевание пищевода, характеризующееся выраженной эозинофильной инфильтрацией его слизистой оболочки. Повреждающее действие на слизистую оболочку пищевода оказывают генетическая предрасположенность и активация иммунологических реакций, опосредованных Т хелперами 2-го типа, а также воздействие пищевых и аэроаллергенов. В педиатрической практике эозинофильный эзофагит наиболее часто встречается у детей дошкольного и школьного возраста с отягощенным аллергологическим анамнезом. Клинически эозинофильный эзофагит выражается болью в эпигастрии, симптомами, сходными с гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью, дисфагией. Диагностика эозинофильного эзофагита основывается на клинической симптоматике, характерных эндоскопических и морфологических изменениях слизистой оболочки пищевода. В статье приведены алгоритмы обследования, динамического наблюдения и лечения детей с эозинофильным эзофагитом, разработанные Европейским обществом детских гастроэнтерологов, гепатологов и нутрициологов (ESPGHAN); описана технология взятия биоптатов слизистой оболочки пищевода при подозрении на эозинофильный эзофагит. Лечение детей с эозинофильным эзофагитом базируется на следующих подходах: пробное лечение ингибиторами протонной помпы в течение 2 мес, диетическая коррекция и, при неэффективности, применение топических глюкокортикостероидов.

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The purpose of this review is to present the latest data on the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children, a disease that according to modern concepts belongs to gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy. The topics of clinical manifestations of the disease in children, including impacts on different age groups, and questionnaires for assessing symptoms are highlighted. The emphasis is made on possible causal allergens in EoE children concomitant to allergic pathology. The endoscopic semiotics of EoE is described in detail, as well as the endoscopic and morphological classifications applied. The diagnostic algorithm in case of suspected EoE in children is presented in accordance with modern consensus recommendations. Areas of future research are minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, as well as genetic research.

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Будкина Татьяна Николаевна, Врач-эндоскопист, старший научный сотрудник отделения эндоскопических исследований, к. м. н.Лохматов Максим Михайлович, д. м. н., зав. отд. эндоскопических исследований; профессор кафедры детской хирургии, урологии и уроандрологии педиатрического факультета.Дьяконова Елена Юрьевна, главный врач клиники НИИ педиатрии, д. м. н.Ибрагимов Султанбек Иманшапиевич, врач-эндоскопист, младший научный сотрудник отделения эндоскопических исследований Олдаковский Владислав Игоревич, врач-эндоскопист отделения эндоскопических исследований Тупыленко Артём Викторович, научный сотрудник отделения эндоскопических исследований Tatyana N. Budkina, MD, endoscopist, senior researcher of department of endoscopic examinations; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-7298, SCOPUS ID57195266142 Maksim M. Lokhmatov, MD, head of department of endoscopic examinations; professor of the Department of pediatric surgery, urology and uroandrology of the Pediatric faculty; http://orcid.

Objective. To assess the efficacy of nocturnal hyperalimentation via a low-profile gastrostomy tube for in the improvement of nutritional status and lung function in children with severe cystic fibrosis (CF). Patients and methods. We used nocturnal hyperalimentation with a nutrient solution via a low-profile gastrostomy tube installed under endoscopic control to improve nutritional status of 16 CF children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition aged between 5.5 and 17.5 years. The mean duration of nocturnal hyperalimentation was 1.3 years (range: 7 months–54 months). The nutritional status was evaluated using the WHOAntho Plus software; pulmonary function was evaluated by assessing forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (FEV1) and the number of bronchopulmonary exacerbations per year. Results. All children demonstrated an improvement in their weight and height. After the first 12 months, the mean body weight gain was 5 kg; during the second and third years, children gained 4 kg and nearly 2 kg, respectively. The mean increase in height was 7 cm in the first year, 10 cm in the second year, and 4 cm in the third year. All patients except one had an increase in FEV1 and fewer exacerbations. Complications after gastrostomy were rare and easily addressed. Conclusion. Nocturnal hyperalimentation via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is an effective and safe method of improving nutritional status in children with CF, which delays the progression of bronchopulmonary lesions and lung function reduction, improves the prognosis and quality of life. Key words: cystic fibrosis, children, nutritional status, lung function, enteral nutrition, low-profile gastrostomy tube, nocturnal hyperalimentation

Introduction. Currently, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a big and urgent problem for modern pediatrics. Its pathogenesis is associated with the formation of stenoses and strictures of the esophagus during a long course of the disease without treatment, which leads to serious disorders in the nutrition of children. In widespread practice, X-ray contrast examination of the esophagus is used, however, it is also necessary to perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) with taking multiple biopsies with morphological examination to verify the diagnosis. Materials and methods. Boy Y. 12 years, was admitted in March 2021 with complaints of difficulty in swallowing solid food, as well as poor weight gain. From the anamnesis of the disease, it is known that the phenomena of dysphagia were noted from the preschool period. Symptoms have progressed over the past year. EGDS was performed. A biopsy was taken: 6 fragments of the esophagus, 2 fragments from each third. Results. Diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis, complicated by esophageal stenosis. Chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori-not associated, incomplete remission. Chronic duodenitis, incomplete remission. Protein-energy malnutrition, mild. Appropriate treatment was prescribed. An allergological examination of the child was carried out and recommendations for nutrition were given. Against the background of the therapy, the child’s condition with pronounced positive dynamics - the appetite improved, the phenomena of dysphagia were completely stopped. When the child was re-hospitalized a month later, there was an increase in body weight (900 g) and growth (3 cm). Conclusions. The high efficiency of complex conservative therapy has been shown. The prescribed conservative treatment made it possible to avoid dilatation and bougienage of the esophagus. In this case, all three components of EoE treatment were applied: elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors, and topical corticosteroids. In the future, it is necessary to observe the allergist, taking into account the data obtained on multiple sensitization with a decision on the question of further treatment.