Background. The purpose of this study was to identify IgE-antibodies to the major and minor allergenic components of pets in the blood serum of patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (BA/AR). Methods. The study included 327 patients from Moscow and St. Petersburg. All of them were detected for specific IgE-antibodies (IgE-AB) to the animal allergens by ImmunoCAP® (ThermoFisherScientific, Sweden). 105 patients wanted to detect IgE-AB to the main animal allergens molecules ImmunoCAP ISAC® (ThermoFisherScientific, Sweden). Results. In the sera of 327 patients IgE-AB to cat’s (62%) allergen dominated. IgE-antibodies to dog’s, house dust mites (D.pteronyssinus, D. farinae), mold fungi, horses and rodents allergens were found in 2,6-31 times less. IgE-AB to uteroglobin (rFel d 1), major cat allergen, was detected in 80% of patients (84/105). The detection rate of IgE-AB to other cat allergens was 4,2-8 times lower (rFel d 2 - 10%, nFel d 4 - 19%). IgE-AB to major dog allergen rCan f 1 was detected in 39% of patients (41/105). Positive level of IgE-AB to other dog allergens was detected in 2,2-4,9 times lower (rCan f 2 - 8%, nCan f 3 - 9%, rCan f 5 - 18%). Positive level of IgE-AB to lipocalin was assayed in 6% of patients, to serum albumin - in 7%. Conclusion. Prevalence of IgE-AB to cat and dog allergens was almost 3 times higher than the frequency of detection of IgE-AB to house dust mite allergens in citizens of Moscow and S. Petersburg. The frequency of IgE-AB to rFel d 1 was dominated and detected 2 and 4-11 times often than to rCan f 1 and other animal allergens consequently.
Background. Sensitization to mould reaches 64% in frequency in some regions of the Earth. Data on indoor mycobiota influence on sensitization of patients with genetic predisposition to atopy are fragmentary and conflicting. The aim of this work is to establish a relationship between patient indoor exposure to mould and sensitization to mould allergens in Irkutsk. Methods. A total of 63 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (AR), were examined in Irkutsk during 2006-2007. 43 patients had AR and atopic bronchial asthma (BA). Allergological examination included skin pricktests with standard allergen panel and nasal provocation tests. 69 Irkutsk" dwellings of allergic patients sensitive to moulds and non-allergic people were examined. House dust from these 69 dwellings were analyzed for fungi. Results. 76 fungal species from 20 genera were isolated from house dust of Irkutsk. Micromycetes concentration varied from 103 to l06 GFU/g of dust. The most frequent genera were Venicillium (92,8%), Aspergillus (85,5%), Cladosporium (40,6%) and Alternaria (40,6%). Prevalence of positive skin prick-tests and nasal provocation tests was as follows: Cladosporium - 65 and 60%, Venicillium - 60 and 58%, Aspergillus - 39% and 32%, Alternaria - 21 and 9% respectively. Principal-factor analysis revealed a relation between fungal concentration in patients' indoor environment and their sensitization to mould allergens. However a correlation between micromycetes concentration and sensitization to mould is expressed to a variable extent in every particular case. Conclusion. Cladosporium and Venicillium are the most common mould allergens for patients with BA and/or AR in Irkutsk. There is a relation between fungal concentration and sensitization of patients to mould allergens.
The article presents the characteristics of the ALEX2 (MacroArrayDX, Wien, Austria). It is designed for simultaneous detection of IgE total and specific IgE-aB to 120 extracts and 180 molecules by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Extracts and allergen molecules combined with nano-particles are sorbed on a solid-phase substrate, forming a macroscopic multiplex matrix - the immune allergy chip. The Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) conducted research on the verification and validation of the ALEX2 in relation to the ImmunoCAP macroarray test system (ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden), which is often used in allergodiagnostics. The results obtained on the two test systems were comparable. One of the most important features of the ALEX2 test system is that unique allergen molecules and allergenic extracts are included in its composition, and a method has been found to inhibit cross-reactive hydrocarbon determinants (CCDs), which cause frequent non-specific binding of IgE-aT. The use of this test system makes it possible to carry out component allergy diagnostics with the determine of the dominant sensitizing factor in cases of mono- and polyvalent sensitization. The test results affect the determination of indications and the effectiveness of ASIT, allow assessing the risk of anaphylaxis and predicting further treatment tactics for the patient.
The article deals with the problems of standardization of allergen vaccines for ASIT performing. At present time there are no uniform requirements, criteria and methods which allow to standardize these preparations. There upon information about preparation or cultivation of raw materials, about methods used for allergen vaccines biological activity evaluation, and about units for this activity expression is very important for choosing the preparation for ASIT. The information about major clinically significant allergens concentration is necessary because ASIT both effectiveness and safety depend on it. Phostal and Staloral are examples of these thoroughly characterized and standardized allergen vaccines.
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