in a switch of M2 to M1 macrophages, and this was associated with increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and decreased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Akt expression in the intestine. In conclusion, TIM-3 reduced inflammation and injury after intestinal I/R by regulating macrophage polarisation via TLR4/STAT3/Akt signalling, and this observation may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating intestinal I/R injury.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.