We report an experimental realization of a plasmonic Airy beam, which is generated thoroughly on a silver surface. With a carefully designed nanoarray structure, such Airy beams come into being from an in-plane propagating surface plasmon polariton wave, exhibiting nonspreading, self-bending, and self-healing properties. Besides, a new phase-tuning method based on nonperfectly matched diffraction processes is proposed to generate and modulate the beam almost at will. This unique plasmonic Airy beam as well as the generation method would significantly promote the evolutions in in-plane surface plasmon polariton manipulations and indicate potential applications in lab-on-chip photonic integrations.

The cause of atmospheric CO 2 change during the recent ice ages remains a first order question in climate science. Most mechanisms have invoked carbon exchange with the deep ocean, due to its large size and relatively rapid exchange time with the atmosphere 1 . The Southern Ocean is thought to play a key role in this exchange, as much of the deep ocean is ventilated to the atmosphere in this region 2 . However reconstructing changes in deep Southern Ocean carbon storage is challenging, so few direct tests of this hypothesis exist. Here we present new deep-sea coral boron isotope data that track the pH -and thus CO 2 chemistry -of the deep Southern Ocean over the last 40,000 years. At sites closest to the Antarctic continental margin, and most influenced by the deep Southern waters that form the ocean's lower overturning cell, we find a close relationship between ocean pH and atmospheric CO 2 : during intervals of low CO 2 ocean pH is low, reflecting enhanced ocean carbon storage; during intervals of rising CO 2 ocean pH rises, reflecting loss of carbon from the ocean to the atmosphere. Correspondingly, at shallower sites we find rapid (millennial to centennial-scale) pH decreases during abrupt CO 2 rise, reflecting the rapid transfer of carbon from the deep to the upper

In this study, a facile and inexpensive and self-assembled strategy to massively fabricate Ni/Co layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is developed under mild reaction conditions (55 °C). The resulting composite material displays a special three-dimensional hierarchical microsphere structure with well-defined flower-like configuration. The fabrication mechanism can be ascribed to stepwise and regular reaction process of nanoparticles and nanosheets gradually growing to nanopetals and then assembling into flower-like microspheres, based on the systematically investigation of various reaction factors including the Ni:Co feeding ratio, the reaction time and the initial pH-value. Because of its large surface, ultrathin feature and synergetic results of this Ni/Co LDHs nanosheets (20 nm), these Ni/Co-LDHs microspheres deliver an excellent capacitance value about 2228 F·g(-1) (1 A·g(-1)). An all-solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor is designed and assembled by exploiting this Ni/Co-LDHs as the positive materials, which exhibits energy density of 165.51 Wh·kg(1-) at 1.53 KW·kg(1-). It may have vast potential significance in personal wearable equipment. Moreover, this monolithic design provides a promising approach for large scale fabrication of other LDHs materials.