Potatoes are a universal crop, also called "second bread", because the level of consumption of this vegetable in the country is very high. It is, at the same time, a foodstuff, raw material for the processing industry, high quality livestock feed and a source of cash for farms and households. In terms of consumption and geographical spread, potatoes occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of food production in Ukraine. In the Vinnytsia region, the area of potatoes occupies 115-118 thousand hectares and the average yield is 120-130 cts / ha, which is several times less potential of this crop. One of the reasons for the low yield of potatoes is the harmfulness of pests and diseases. The most common diseases of potatoes include blight, which is steadily developing and is able to reduce the yield of tubers, their quality. In Ukraine, crop losses from it account for 16-22%, and in the years of epiphytoties can reach 50%. The evaluation of plant diseases is one of the most important and often the most challenging tasks in the epidemiology of plant diseases. Damage to plants by phytophages and pathogens can very quickly result in complete loss of the crop if there is insufficient crop protection. This article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of modern-day protector tubers and the use of new generation growth promoters and fungicides during the cultivation of tubers. This article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of modern-day protector tubers and the use of new generation growth promoters and fungicides during the cultivation of tubers. To obtain a crop of potato varieties Povin 285,7 c/ha, which is 58,2 c/ha more than the control, it is necessary to carry out the cultivation of tubers before disembarking the detergent Emesto quantum 273,5 FS, TN, in the rate of 1.2 l of the preparation per ton of planting material, and a growth promoter of Rostock (3 l/t), as well as spraying during the vegetation of plants with fungicides Antracol 70 WP, RF (1,0 kg/ha), Nativo 75 WG, VG (0,3 kg/ha) , Infinito 687.5 SC, COP (1.0 l/ha) and Rostock Bohr and Rostock Iron (1.5 l/ha). Keywords: potatoes, pathogens, pathogens, fungicides, efficiency.
In recent years, the main sowing areas of potatoes have moved from collective farms to the private sector, which makes it difficult to detect nematodes and establish their level of harmfulness in different regions of Ukraine. The cultivation of potatoes in monoculture for many years, the unpredictability of the existing seed system of regular maintenance of individual farms with healthy planting material, the lack of knowledge about the protection of plants against nematodes, contribute to the spread of globoderosis in new territories. Research strategy to protect the potato crop from nematodes should be aimed at a low-energy and environmentally friendly system based on the use of nematodes, the correct application of crop rotation crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the quality of planting material, since chemical hazards protect the environment. The outstanding issues in terms of regulating the abundance of golden potato nematodes remain the factors of the agrochemical properties of soils and their relationship with the pest size, aspects of the use of different potato precursors in terms of influencing the prevalence of the nematode, and estimating the monitoring status of its comparative numbers. The article summarizes the results of quarantine monitoring of the distribution of the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll) in Ukraine and by region. A comparison of the pest prevalence rate over ten years of quarantine monitoring has been conducted and conclusions have been made regarding their success at the regional level. The phenological development of the pest is specified taking into account the climatological features of the Vinnitsa region. A review of the features of biology and the pest development cycle is made on the basis of which briefly described signs of potato damage in the field. On the basis of field studies, the effectiveness of the control of the potato nematode was evaluated by introducing crop rotation and selecting the appropriate alternation of different plants. The effectiveness of the use of potato varieties resistant to the nematode was assessed, and the level of their productivity against an infectious background was determined in comparison with the variety unstable to the pest. Conclusions have been made in the main areas of restricting the spread of the potato nematode in the private sector of potato cultivation in permanent crops. Key words: golden potato nematode, yield, varieties, crop rotation, prevalence.
The results of the application of environmentally friendly methods of potato pest control are presented. Comparative field trials of insectoacaricides and microbiological preparations were carried out on potatoes of the recognized variety Yantar in the Primorsky Territory in 2018 and 2019. The object of research was the larvae and beetles of the potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. The tubers were planted at the optimal time for the region, late April – early May. The study used Fitoverm preparations based on aversectin C (50 g/l), Akarin based on avertin N (2 g/l), Batsikol based on the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis (BtH10), Bitoxybacillin based on the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (BtH1). The preparations were studied independently and with Corado insecticide. Potato plants were sprayed with the preparations once. Pest counts were carried out before treatment and after treatment on the 5th, 10th, 15th day on 10 potato plants in three replications in accordance with the approved methods. Bioinsecticide Fitoverm showed a high efficiency of 90.5–94.0% at the application rate of 0.16 l/ha. A single application of bioinsecticides for 15 days restrained the intensity of the pest development below the threshold level. The combined use of bioinsecticides and an insecticide against the potato ladybird provided a decrease in the phytophage population by 90.8–99.8% compared to the control variant (without the use of plant protection products). The inclusion of preparations of biological origin Fitoverm, Akarin, Batsikol, Bitoxybacillin in potato cultivation technology will allow to limit the number of potato ladybird and solve the problem of plant protection in an environmentallyfriendly way in the south of the Far East.
The work presents the results of comparative field tests on effectiveness of insecticides and bioinsecticides and their tank mixtures for potatoes against the potato ladybird and the Colorado beetle in the South of the Far East. Effectiveness of preplanting and vegetation treatment of potatoes with preparations was observed. The study, conducted in 2012–2014 on the plants of the recognized Yantar potatoes variety, showed high biological efficiency of preparations from the neonicotinoid class of Prestige and Cruiser in the rates of 1.0 l/t and 0.2 l/t by pre-planting treatment of potato tubers. The Prestige and Cruiser provided long-term protective effect against the Colorado potato beetle and the potato ladybird, which eliminated the need for treatment in the growing season of the crop. The use of these insecticides caused productivity increase of potatoes by 7.5 and 8.4 t/ha. For vegetation treatment the preparation Decis Extra showed the highest and the most long-lasting effect. On the 28th day after the treatment, its effectiveness accounted for 84.4–90.3%. Protective effect of bio-insecticide Phytoverm lasted for 14 days. Double treatment of potatoes with this bio-insecticide restrained the number of pests below the threshold number until the end of the growing season. During the research it was found that the joint use of Phytoverm with 3 times lower rates of the insecticides Decis Extra and Konfidor provided a significant reduction in the number of the potato ladybird and the Colorado potato beetle and the preservation of 39.3-41.6% of potato productivity.
One of the leading places among leguminous crops in Ukraine belongs to peas. This is due to its ability to produce fairly high and stable crops in a short growing season. Grain contains from 16 to 36% protein, up to 54% carbohydrates, about 1.6% fat, more than 3% ash. Pea protein is a complete amino acid composition and is 1.6 times better absorbed than wheat protein. To a large extent, the limiting factor for increasing the yield of pea seeds are numerous pests. Thus, in the pea field agrobiocenosis, up to 80 species of insects are trophically associated with this crop. However, the greatest damage is caused by specialized species that have evolved to feed on legumes during evolution: nodule weevils belonging to the genus Sitona Gern., Etiella zinckenella Tr., Laspeyresia nigricana F., Bruchus pisorum L. and Contarinia pisi Winn. Modern technologies for growing peas are based on the optimal use of the potential of varieties, a rational plant nutrition system and crop protection systems. An important aspect of integrated crop protection is the use of pesticides, which, if appropriate and effective, guarantee the reduction of harmful organisms. However, when growing certain types of products, their use is limited by sanitary and hygienic standards. These include raw materials for baby food, products used in food in green form, including green peas. This article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of using modern insecticides based on bioagents and chemicals compared to variants where insecticide treatment has not been carried out. The best results were obtained with the use of chemical-based insecticides, in particular Enzhio 247 SC (0.18 l / ha) provided the highest yield of seeds, 2.92 t / ha, the value of the stored crop was 0.51 t / ha, and the level of profitability was 106.4%, which is 27.7% higher than the control variant . The use of the drug Connect, SC (0.4 l / ha) provided a crop yield of 0.06 t / ha lower, and the value of the stored crop was 0.45 t / ha, with a profitability level of 104.4%. When using insecticides based on microorganisms, the effect was observed, but much weaker.
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