Focal eosinophilic infiltration in the liver had somewhat characteristic radiologic findings on sonography and CT. In the correct clinical context of peripheral eosinophilia and self-limited course, these radiologic findings may be helpful in differentiating this condition from other focal hepatic lesions.

Biliary obstruction in patients with known primary malignancies can show atypical patterns mimicking primary pancreatobiliary malignancies on thin-section helical CT.

3D CTC with minIP can determine the level and cause of biliary obstruction. 3D CTC can be obtained from regular thin-section helical CT data and may be a strong competitor against diagnostic magnetic resonance cholangiography because of its superior resolution and information on adjacent soft tissues and the duct itself.

Hepatic dysplastic nodules show diverse imaging characteristics with different imaging techniques; however, common imaging findings of hepatic dysplastic nodules are low echo, low attenuation, and high, low, or homogeneous intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR, and avascularity.

The infusion of fluids to patients may affect tissue microcirculation and the endothelial glycocalyx. However, the effects of hydroxyethyl starch and crystalloid on endothelial glycocalyx degradation and microvascular reactivity have not been evaluated in detail. We hypothesised that hydroxyethyl starch may cause less endothelial glycocalyx degradation and better microvascular reactivity than that caused by crystalloid. We randomly allocated 120 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery to receive up to 20 ml.kg of either hydroxyethyl starch 670/0.75 or crystalloid for intra-operative fluid resuscitation. Crystalloid was then infused to meet ongoing fluid requirements. During the peri-operative period, vascular occlusion tests were performed to assess microvascular reactivity, and serum syndecan-1 was measured as an index of endothelial glycocalyx degradation. The median (IQR [range]) fluid infused during surgery was significantly less in the hydroxyethyl starch group than the crystalloid group; 2800 (2150-3550 [1400-7300]) vs. 3925 (3100-4725 [1900-6700]) ml, respectively, p < 0.001. Vascular occlusion test parameters, including tissue oxygen saturation, occlusion and recovery slope did not differ significantly between the groups. Peri-operative changes in syndecan-1 were not significantly different between the groups. We conclude that, in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, compared with crystalloid, the use of hydroxyethyl starch 670/0.75 did not result in significant differences in microvascular reactivity or endothelial glycocalyx degradation.