A B S T R A C TThe present work reports the development of new (sodium alginate-gelatin (SAG))-g-poly (acrylic acid)/polyaniline (SAPAPN) from sodium alginate/gelatin blend by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, followed by grafting with poly(acrylic acid) and polyaniline by free radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate. The structure, thermal stability, and morphology of SAPAPN adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, and results were consistent with the expected structures. The influence of various experimental conditions like pH, time, and initial feed concentrations on the uptake of metal ions like Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ by SAPAPN adsorbent was tested. It was seen that the adsorption equilibrium data could be fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Desorption studies were performed in acid media and EDTA, to examine whether the SAPAPN adsorbent can be recycled for the metal ion removal. The results showed that with SAPAPN adsorbent, the maximum metal ion uptake achieved is 0.8386 mMg À1 for Cu 2+ and 2.2026 mMg À1 for Ni 2+ , respectively. Metal ion sorption studies showed that the adsorbent can be used for the removal of hazardous metal ions from aqueous solutions. The copper and nickel uptake achieved suggests the potential use of the adsorbent to extract divalent toxic metals from industrial aqueous streams.
In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C.
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