Introduction. In the previous work on N-aromatic amides, the crystal structures of the amides have been classified by the scheme of the N-H...O=C hydrogen bonds into three types: 21, glide and translation (Haisa, Kashino, Ueno, Shinozaki & Matsuzaki, 1980). However, factors other than the hydrogen bonds might also dominate the structures. In the present work, the structures of salicylanilide (1), o-nitroacetanilide (2) and p-acetamidobenzoic acid (3) have been determined in order to examine the effects of polar groups on the structure of acetanilides as part of a study on the systematization of the crystal structures of aromatic compounds (Halsa, 1978). (2) and Discussion. The final atomic parameters of (1)-(3) are listed in Table 2.* The thermal ellipsoids of the molecules are shown in Fig. 1, with atomic numbering. Bond lengths and interbond angles are listed in Table 3.The molecule of (1) (5) 1198 (2) 4.16 (6) C(I)715 (1) 2321.8 (6) 1309 (2) 3.64 (7) C (2) 1731 (I) 2084.9 (7) 541 (2) 3.72 (7) C (3) 1886 (2) 1531-2 (7) 553 (2) 4.45 (8) C (4) 1039 (2) 1205.8 (7) 1360 (3) 5-14 (9) C (5) 31 (2) 1428.7 (7) 2140 (2) 4.94 (9) C(6) -127 (1) 1980.7 (7) 2098 (2) 4-20 (8) C (7) 462 (1) 2912.7 (7) 1395 (2) 3.77 (8) C (8) 1458 (l) 3813.3 (7) 1215 (2) 4.05 (8) C (9) 520 (2) 4141.8 (8) 1757 (3) 5.40 (9) C (10) 675 (2) 4694. l (8) 1719 (3) 6-8 (1) C(i l)1740 (2) 4923.3 (8) 1197 (3) 7.4 (1) C (12) 2679 (2) 4597-3 (9) 682 (3) 6.8 (1) C (13) 2542 (2) 4042.2 (8) 693 (3) 5.36 (9) (2) o-Nitroacetanilide O(1) 5167.9 (7) 0(2) 2581.3 (6) 0(3) 1379-5 (7) N(I) 4027-0 (7) N (2) 2167.6 (7) C(I)3515.3 (8) 2134 (3) 7056 (1) 6.14 (6) -3590 (2) 6666 (1) 4.62 (5) -1623 (3) 6002 (1) 6.28 (7) -741 (2) 6612 (1) 4.12 (5) -1810 (2) 6064 (1) 3.95 (5) 625 (3) 5662 (1) 3-76 (6) C (2) 2621.0 (8) 147 (3) 5383 (1) 3.59 (6) C (3) 2107 (1) 1544 (3) 4445 (I) 4.27 (7) C (4) 2477 (1) 3421 (3) 3756 (I) 4.81 (7) C (5) 3357 (1) 3924 (3) 4014 (2) 5.07 (7) C (6) 3869 (1) 2569 (3) 4936 (2) 4.68 (7) C (7) 4787.7 (8) 122 (3) 7282 (1) 4.35 (7) C (8) 5102 (1) -1683 (4) 8348 (2) 5.60 (8) (3) p-Acetamidobenzoie acid358 (2) 3284 (1) 1287 (3) 3.62 (6) C (1) 5694 ( , N(1)-- In the molecule of (3), the benzene ring (I), amide group (II) and carboxyl group (III) are planar within 0.008 (2), 0.006 (2) and 0.002 (2)/k, respectively. The dihedral angles between these planes are 40.40 (7) ° for C13HllNO2, C8H8N203 AND C9H9NO 3 nitro group [N(1)...O(2) 2.657(2), N(1)--H(5) 0.84(2), H(5)...O(2) 2.01(2)A1.397 (3) C(9)--C(10) 1.380 (3) C(1)-C (6) 1.396 (3) C(10)-C(I 1) 1.365 (4) C(1)-C (7) 1.492 (3) (2) o-Nitroacetanilide .86 (2), H(5)...O(3) 2.10 (2) A, N(1)-H(5)...O(3) 179 (2), H(5)...O(3)-C(8) 174.6 (6)°]. The other hydrogen bond is formed between the earboxyl groups related by T as found in many carboxylic acids, (Kashino & Haisa, 1980) [O(2)...O(1) 2.625 (1), O(2)--H(9) 1.14, n(9)...O(1) 1.49(3)/k, 0(2)--n(9)...O(1) 172 (3), H(9)...O(1)-C (7) 119 (1) (1) to (3) the C-N-C angles tend to increase with decrease in the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene ring ...
At the very beginning stage of cavitation an infinitesimal cavity suddenly emerges and rapidly grows on the wall close to the point of flow separation. The present paper intends to make clear the mechanism of this peculiar phenomenon previously discovered by the present authors in oil flows, by experimentally examining the characteristics of a separating flow. First, pressure and temperature distributions along a cylindrical smooth wall in an oil flow were measured across the point of separation, which has proved that both tensile stress and heat are really generated near the separation point. Second, a laminar air flow passing over a sharp edge was inspected by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The inspection of the separating flow based on the PIV data has revealed that fluid particle near the separation point is not only drastically stretched but also intensely sheared along the separation streamline. With all the results integrated, it has been concluded that the singular structure of a separating flow is the real cause of both tensile stress and heat generation. When thus generated tension exceeds a threshold, it possibly breaks the adhesion between the liquid and the wall, leaving a microscopic rift on the interface that would grow to a visible cavity.
The molecule is planar to within 0.08 (2)/~. The molecules form a centrosymmetric dimer through O--H...O hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic groups. The dimers are stacked along b with an interplanar distance of 3.374 (2) A. The C--C double bonds of the nearest neighbors are related by a b translation. CommentThe structure of the photostable form of pnitrocinnamic acid has been determined as part of studies into solid-state photoreactions (Iwamoto, Kashino & Haisa, 1989). The lattice parameters and space groups of the photostable and photoreactive forms of the title compound have been reported by Schmidt (1964). The crystals used in the present study were obtained by slow evaporation from an ethanol solution. The crystal structure is similar to t On leave from Kobe Women's University Seto Junior College, Seto, Akaiwa, Okayama 709-08, Japan.o (1 ) C (
The crystal structures of N-t-butylacrylamide, N-t-butylmethacrylamide, dimorphs of N-phenylmethacrylamide, and N-o-chlorophenylmethacrylamide have been determined by X-ray diffraction method. In all these crystals the molecules related by a glide plane are held together by an N–H···O hydrogen bond between the amide groups. The difference in the reactivity of the N-arylmethacrylamides in γ-ray induced solid-state polymerization is ascribed to the difference in an intermolecular steric effect for the molecular movement, but not to the difference in the hydrogen-bond type.
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