Objective of the study is to estimate the effect of growth regulators and different ecotypes of Egyptian Catharanthus roseus such as (Ismailia, Fayoum, Alexandria, Sharkia and Cairo) on callus induction and alkaloids production. Different growth regulators combinations were applied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with four different growth regulators, i.e. M1 (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) 1.0 μM and Benzyl adenine (BA) 0.5 μM), M2 (2, 4-D 0.5 μM and BA 1.0 μM), M3 (BA 1.0 μM and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.5 μM) and M4 (BA 0.5 μM and NAA 1.0 μM). M1 medium gave the highest value for callus induction frequencies (75%) and callus fresh weight (1.87 g) for produced callus from leaf while the stem produced callus (0.7 g) was the higher too than other mediums. The total alkaloids content (TAC) was estimated using spectrophotometer with Bromocresol green (BCG). The results showed that TAC outperformed in produced callus from stem explant than leaf produced callus, leaf and stem of original plant. The important result showed that the Fayoum ecotype was the highest alkaloid content (2.22 mg/g) for produced callus from stem explant than all studied ecotypes.
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with comorbidities. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in psoriasis pathogenesis which contributes to the initial events that trigger an autoimmune inflammatory response. Angiopoietins 1 and 2 are glycoproteins. Their binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor is essential to angiogenesis. Dysregulation of angiopoietins together with angiopoietin-2 overexpression induce vascular destabilization and regression. This study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic angiopoietin-2 and psoriasis severity. A total of 45 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 45 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The severity of disease was evaluated by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. Angiopoietin-2 serum level was measured using enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay. The relation between serum level of angiopoietin-2 and psoriasis severity was assessed. Angiopoietin-2 serum level was significantly more elevated in patients than controls (p<0.001). Angiopoietin-2 serum level was indicatively direct correlated with disease severity (r = 0.7, p < 0.001) with 100% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity in identifying mild and moderate to severe psoriasis patients. Serum angiopoietin-2 directly correlates with psoriasis severity. Angiopoietin-2 is nominated to be a potential sensitive biomarker for the ongoing inflammatory process to monitor the clinical and therapeutic outcomes in psoriasis patients.
Background Lichen planus is a common chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease. Recent advances evidenced that angiogenesis is tightly connected to it. More recently, the endothelial specific growth factor angiopoietin‐2 has been clarified to interact with vascular endothelial growth factor. Angiopoietin‐2 level has not been investigated in lichen planus. Aim To evaluate serum level of angiopoietin‐2 in cutaneous and oral lichen planus. Methods Ninety patients were investigated, 45 patients with lichen planus. In addition to forty‐five healthy control, the activity of the disease was estimated at the time of examination. The serum level of angiopoietin‐2 had been estimated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships between angiopoietin‐2 serum level and disease severity, type of lichen, and visual analogue scale score (VAS) were determined. Results The serum levels of angiopoietin‐2 were substantially higher in patients with both cutaneous and oral lesions than patients with cutaneous lichen planus only (P < .001). Conclusions Serum angiopoietin‐2 is elevated in patients compared with normal subjects and is correlated with the presence of oral lesions and disease severity, that reflects its role in angiogenesis and inflammation, and angiopoietin‐2 serum level could be a potential marker for monitoring the oral lichen to identify possible malignant transformation.
The present study aimed to investigate the genetic behavior of leaf rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in a population of five parents and ten F 1 hybrids under field conditions with artificial inoculation. Wide variations among parents and their F 1 hybrids were detected for the five characters under study, i.e. incubation period (IP), disease severity (DS), infection response (IR), average co infection (ACI) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). The average means of criteria related to resistant varieties showed that Giza 168 and Sakha 93 wheat cultivars have good response for resistance as long time of incubation period, as well as little amount of disease severity, the same performance of both varieties for infection response, average co infection and AUDPC= D [1/2 (Y 1 + Y k) + (Y 2 + Y 3 + …….. Y k-1)] criteria. The behaviour of F 1 ' s for studied criteria appeared to be different among and within five criteria. Gemmiza 11 × Giza 168 possessed complete dominance of long period, high (DS) and (ACI). In contrast, it was low value of AUDPC. The analysis of variance for five criteria were recorded highly significant differences among parents and their hybrids. The regression of (Wr/Vr) was insignificantly different from unity for all criteria except disease severity (DS). Significant differences of H 1 and H 2 estimates were obtained for incubation period (IP), disease severity (DS) criteria. While, AUDPC criteria possessed significant differences of D estimate. Mean degree of dominance (H 1 /D) 1/2 indicated the presence of over dominance for all studied criteria. The proportion of genes with positive and negative effects in the parents (H 2 /4H 1) indicated un equal frequances of positive and negative among the parents for DS and AUDPC criteria, except IP possessed nearly equal positive and negative gene among the parents. F 1 graphic analysis revealed that cultivars G.168 and Sakha 93 had most dominant genes for resistance but cultivars Gemmiza 11 and Gemmiza 9 had most recessive genes for susceptibility. Bulked Segrigant Analysis were used by eight ISSR primers, the results confirmed the importance of Giza 168 may be as doner of resistant gene's, as well as Gemmiza 9. These confirmed the importance of Giza 168 considered as in late genotypes for using it to transport leaf rust resistant genes to other genotypes, Gemmiza 9 followed Giza 168 in the importance of leaf rust resistance, these results confirmed also the susciptability of Gemmiza 11 variety for leaf rust disease in bread wheat.
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