The study was to evaluate the effects of different processing methods on the proximate and anti-nutritional contents of Mucuna pruriens leaf meal. The Mucuna pruriens leaves were collected and processed by Air-dried Mucuna Leaf Meal (AMLM), Soaked Mucuna Leaf Meal in Cold Water (CMLM), Soaked Mucuna Leaf Meal in Hot Water (HMLM) and Fermented Mucuna Leaf Meal (FMLM). Proximate analysis showed that FMLM had the highest value (25.94±0.94%), while the lowest recorded in the CMLM (23.00±0.00%). The analysis of antinutritional factors showed that hydrocyanic acid, oxalate, phytate, saponin, reduced significantly (P<0.05) after processing the Mucuna Leaf Meal.
One of the major problems faced by aquaculture industry today is the high cost of fish feed and this contributes more than 50% of the total cost of production in intensification culture systems. An approach to reduce feed cost is by the substitution of fish meal with alternative cheaper protein sources like fish offal among others. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and survival of C. gariepinus juveniles fed with diets containing various percentages of fish offal to determine the optimum level of fish offal inclusion in diets of Clarias gariepinus. Five diets of T1(0%), T2(20%), T3(40%), T4(80%) and T5(100%) levels of fish offal's substitutions were formulated to contain 40% crude protein and similar energy levels. The total of 150 juvenile fish was randomly distributed into three replicates of five experimental groups in a (45 x 35 x 28cm 3 ) plastic rectangular container. Each replicate consist of 10 fish with a mean weight of 25g. At the end of the experiment, result showed that mean weight gain (MWG), survival rate (SR), protein intake (PI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and relative growth rate of T0 were observed to be statistically p<0.05 similar with T1 and T2. The study showed that diets with inclusion rate of 20% and 40% fish offal gave similar result as that fed with control diet. Therefore, fish offal with inclusion rate of 20% and 40% could be fed to C. gariapinus catfish without any negative effects on the growth and survival.
Freshly caught Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples were obtained from Sabiyel Lake in Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Oreochromis niloticus samples were descaled, degutted, cut into chunks and rinsed with clean water at Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Fisheries, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero. The samples were subjected to different treatments designated as; T1 (oven drying), T2 (Frying), T3 (smoking), T4 (oven-dried + 5% ginger-garlic), T5 (Fried + 5% ginger-garlic), T6 (smoked + 5% ginger-garlic), T7 (oven-dried + 10% ginger-garlic), T8 (Fried + 10% ginger-garlic), T9 (smoked + 10% ginger-garlic), T10 (oven-dried + 15% ginger-garlic), T11 (Fried + 15% ginger-garlic), T12 (smoked + 15% ginger-garlic). The processed samples were taken to Agric. Chemical Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria, for the determination of proximate and mineral compositions. The treatments were analysed in 2 phases: at week 0 for the first phase of analysis and after 8 weeks of storage in an airtight plastic container at room temperature. The samples were then taken to the laboratory for the second phase of analysis. This study revealed that processing (oven drying, frying and smoking) of Oreochromis niloticus with ginger-garlic gave high nutritive content after 8 weeks of storage and thus might prevent the use of obnoxious substances as a means of preservation and substantially improve consumer’s satisfaction and quality fish protein intake.
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