The development of safe and ecologically clean systems for handling radioactive wastes predetermines the sustained stability of geoecocenology.The measures adopted in the nuclear power industry for improving the safety of nuclear power plants have produced conditions for developing nuclear power in the future. The Kola Peninsula lies in a territory of active use of atomic energy, which results in accumulation of liquid and solid radioactive wastes, requiring processing and utilization, in the Murmansk region. These problems can and must be effectively solved taking account of the specific nature of the region. The Kola region is rich in mineral resources and wastes from mining, which can serve as material for producing and obtaining cheap sorption-active and self-hardening compositions for storing radioactive substances.Experience in preparing and handling radioactive wastes at nuclear power plants and other industrial plants associated with radioactive substances has shown that the most promising methods of immobilization and storage of liquid wastes is sorption on a solid-state adsorbent, sealing of the spent adsorbents in concrete blocks followed by vitrification and storage in underground or underwater repositories [1][2][3][4][5]. The subsequent arrangement of the spent adsorbents, elimination of contact with the surrounding medium or storage, impose definite requirements on the adsorbents: the radionuelides must form with the adsorbent matrix insoluble stable compounds which guarantee that the adsorbents are radioehemically stable in the immobilization medium without secondary contamination; the technical products must be convenient for subsequent operations: it must be possible to produce parts and blocks and to ensure shielding from radionnclides contained in the blocks formed; the adsorbents must be cheap and the technology must be simple. In turn, stringent requirements are imposed on the solidifying compositions (binder materials), which in geological formations contain the spent adsorbents: stability of binders with respect to mineralizing solutions and brines in a wide range of pH and ell; resistance to disintegration; low micro-and mesoporosity; closeness of the chemical and mineral compositions to that of the surrounding rock; low coefficient of diffusion of ground-water components in the binder medium; ability to strengthen the structure of the binder as a result of interaction of its components with the components of the geological immobilization medium; and, radiation resistance of the mineral forms of the binder. These requirements can be met by synthesizing technological materials using the technology of solidifying mineral dispersions (SMD materials) based on polymineral alumosilicate raw material [6][7][8][9]. These materials are based on the concept of synthesis of coagulation-condensation solidification structures in highly concentrated mineral dispersions. A highly concentrated mineral dispersion is a multiphase system containing a dispersed phase and a dispersion medium, which can intera...
Организации водопроводно-канализационного хозяйства в рамках технологических процессов водоотведения должны обеспечивать дезинвазию очищенных сточных вод и осадков, образующихся в результате их очистки. В соответствии с пунктом 1.2 СанПиН 3.2.3215-14 Профилактика паразитарных болезней на территории РФ , санитарные правила устанавливают требования к комплексу организационных, санитарно-противоэпидемических (профилактических) мероприятий, проведение которых направлено на предупреждение возникновения и распространения паразитарных заболеваний. Проведена оценка нормативных документов по дезинвазии объектов окружающей среды, а также решений по судебным делам в части ее проведения. Выявлены разногласия в документах по проведению дезинвазии, в связи с чем направлены обращения в различные организации с предложением гармонизировать правила с целью исключения разночтений. Изучены индустриальные методы дезинвазии осадка сточных вод. Показано, что происходит необоснованное навязывание препарата Бингсти .Within the frames of the wastewater disposal processes water and wastewater utilities shall provide for the disinvasion of effluents and wastewater sludge generated in the process of wastewater treatment. In accordance with paragraph 1.2 of SanPiN 3.2.3215-14 Prevention of parasitic diseases in the territory of the Russian Federation , the sanitary rules set out the requirements for a comprehensive set of organizational, sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures, that are aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread of parasitic diseases. The assessment of regulatory documents on the disinvasion of environmental objects, as well as judicial decisions regarding its implementation, was carried out. Controversies were revealed in the regulatory documents, and appeals were sent to various organizations with a proposal to harmonize the rules in order to exclude discrepancies. Industrial methods for disinvasion of wastewater sludge were studied. It is shown that there is an unreasonable aggressive selling of Bingsti ineffective product.
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