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Moisture is the worst enemy for state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the flowing water vapor within nanoporous carbonaceous materials can create potentials. Therefore, it is a challenge to integrate water vapor and solar energies into a single PSC device. We demonstrate herein all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr ) solar cells tailored with carbon electrodes to simultaneously harvest solar and water-vapor energy. Upon interfacial modification and plasma treatment, the bifunctional PSCs yield a maximum power conversion efficiency up to 9.43 % under one sun irradiation according to photoelectric conversion principle and a power output of 0.158 μW with voltage of 0.35 V and current of 0.45 μA in 80 % relative humidity through the flowing potentials at the carbon/water interface. The initial efficiency is only reduced by 2 % on exposing the inorganic PSC with 80 % humidity over 40 days. The successful realization of physical proof-of-concept multi-energy integrated solar cells provides new opportunities of maximizing overall power output.

A renewable electrochemical aptasensor was proposed for super-sensitive determination of Hg 2+ . The novel aptasensor, based on sulfur−nitrogen codoped ordered mesoporous carbon (SN-OMC) and thymine−Hg 2+ −thymine (T−Hg 2+ −T) mismatch structure, used ferrocene as signal molecules to achieve the conversion of current signals. In the absence of Hg 2+ , the thiol-modified T-rich probe 1 spontaneously formed a hairpin structure by base pairing. After being hybridized with the ferrocene-labeled probe 2 in the presence of Hg 2+ , the hairpin structure of probe 1 was opened due to the preferential formation of the T−Hg 2+ −T mismatch structure, and the ferrocene signal molecules approached the modified electrode surface. SN-OMC with high specific surface area and ample active sites acted as a signal amplification element in electrochemical sensing. The sensitive determination of Hg 2+ can be actualized by analyzing the relationship between the change of oxidation current caused by ferrocene signal molecules and the Hg 2+ concentrations. The aptasensor had a fine linear correlation in the range of 0.001−1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.45 pM. The aptasensor also displayed a good response in real sample detection and provided a promising possibility for in situ detection.

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