As an application of noncontact transportation utilizing the near-field acoustic levitation phenomenon, a rotary-type noncontact-synchronous ultrasonic motor (NCSyn-USM) using acoustic viscous force was examined. The NCSyn-USM consisted of six fan-shaped stators arranged in a circle and a flat fan-shaped rotor installed above stators via small an air gap. The possibility of the NCSyn-USM was investigated by both of numerical simulation and measurement. From the acoustic-structure and fluid-structure interaction analyzes by finite element method, the correlation between the sound pressure in the air gap and the rotational force was obtained, and it was found that the rotational force was increased by utilizing the acoustic resonance of the air gap. In the experiment, the change of rotational torque with respect to the rotor angular position approximately corresponded with analysis results. The rotation of the rotor by switching driving stators was actually obtained, so that a rotary-type NCSyn-USM would be realized.
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Enhancement of oral absorption of food allergens by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, is considered an exacerbating factor in the development of food allergies. In this study, we examined the effect of aspirin on oral sensitization to and absorption of the egg-white allergen ovalbumin (OVA) in rats. The absorption of OVA was evaluated by measuring the plasma concentration of OVA after oral administration by gavage. To evaluate oral sensitization to OVA, plasma levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 antibodies (Abs) specific to OVA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after initiation of sensitization. High-dose aspirin (30 mg/kg) increased oral OVA absorption and plasma levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 Abs compared with those observed in vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, low-dose aspirin (3 mg/kg) exerted no changes in either absorption or sensitization. Spermine, an absorption enhancer, increased the oral absorption of OVA to nearly the same extent as high-dose aspirin, whereas the plasma levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 Abs exhibited no significant differences between spermine- and vehicle-treated rats. Among the NSAIDs, diclofenac and indomethacin increased sensitization to OVA, similar to high-dose aspirin, but meloxicam exerted no effects on Ab levels. In conclusion, we showed that high-dose aspirin enhanced oral sensitization to OVA. Our study suggests that enhanced oral sensitization to OVA cannot be ascribed to increased absorption of OVA from the intestinal tract. Although the mechanisms underlying this enhancement of sensitization are still controversial, our study suggests that modification of cytokine production due to impairment of the intestinal barrier function and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 activity by aspirin may be involved.
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