Soft errors induced by radiation, which started as a rather exotic failure mechanism causing anomalies in satellite equipment, have become one of the most challenging issues that impact the reliability of modern electronic systems, also in ground-level applications. Many efforts have been spent in the last decades to measure, model, and mitigate radiation effects, applying numerous techniques approaching the problem at various abstraction levels. This chapter presents a historical overview of the soft-error subject and treats several "disaster stories" from the past. Furthermore, scaling trends are discussed for the most sensitive circuit types.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.