Summary Intrasinus neoplasia remains a rare but difficult condition to diagnose and treat in the horse, comprising approximately 8–19% of sinonasal disorders. There are, however, only a few case series upon which to base an approach to diagnosis and management (Cotchin 1967, 1977; Madewell et al. 1976; Stunzi and Hauser 1976; Sundberg et al. 1977; Priester and McKay 1980; Boulton 1985; Hilbert et al. 1988; Dixon and Head 1999; Head and Dixon 1999; Tremaine and Dixon 2001a,b). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm observed in the equine paranasal sinuses. Evidence from other species would indicate that early recognition of SCC is crucial to the success of treatment and the ideal treatment remains complete excision with margins. Sinus involvement generally precludes this and we must often settle for surgical debulking, with or without adjunctive radio‐ or chemotherapy. In horses, as in other species, early recognition is difficult because clinical signs are nonspecific. Treatment is, therefore, often not attempted due to the extensive nature of lesions at presentation and the limited surgical access. The accompanying article by Kowalczyk et al. (2011) showed how 3‐dimensional (3D) imaging can identify the hallmark changes associated with aggressive neoplasia in the equine sinuses (Kowalczyk et al. 2011). The value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lies in noninvasive early diagnosis as well as lesion monitoring post intervention. Where CT can be performed with the horse in the standing position, avoidance of general anaesthesia offers further value, especially as standing surgical techniques now allow thorough, minimally invasive evaluation and biopsy of the equine sinuses. In combination, standing CT and minimally invasive sinus surgery allow accurate and early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression, opening the door for advances in surgical and adjunctive treatments for this complex condition.
Summary Progressive haematomata (PH) are a rare cause of equine paranasal sinusitis and are thought to result from recurrent haemorrhage within the respiratory submucosa of the ethmoidal labyrinth. Clinical signs of PH are variable but mostly attributable to rupture of the mass with haemorrhage, occlusion of nasomaxillary drainage and secondary infection. Almost all affected horses have unilateral or bilateral, intermittent, serosanguinous nasal discharge. Radiographic examination is useful in identifying large PH, but small masses can be overlooked because of superimposition. Computed tomography (CT) has the benefit of producing cross‐sectional images of the sinuses, overcoming the limitations of radiography. The cases in this report suffered from bilateral PH not associated with the ethmoidal labyrinth. They highlight the benefit of CT in the diagnosis, surgical planning and evaluation of the architecture of the sinuses. Preoperative treatment with formalin to desiccate the mass prior to removal can be performed more safely when guided by CT.
Summary Primary fungal sinusitis was identified in 5 horses displaying signs of headshaking. All 5 horses had fungal plaques adhered to the infraorbital canal (IOC). Headshaking signs were exhibited by 3 horses prior to treatment and 2 horses after treatment. Standing computed tomography (CT) identified erosion of the IOC in the 2 cases in which it was performed. Fungal culture and PCR identified 3 species of fungi, Rhizomucor pusillus, Scedosporium apiospermum and Aspergillus nidulans which have not previously been described as a cause of sinusitis in horses. Surgical debridement followed by topical antifungal therapy was used in all 5 horses. Recurrence of the fungal plaques in 4 horses necessitated further treatment. The headshaking signs and nasal discharge resolved in 3 horses allowing a return to their previous use. Two horses developed persistent headshaking signs despite multiple treatments. Primary fungal sinusitis should be considered as a cause of headshaking signs in horses, due to a suspected trigeminal neuropathy. Computed tomography is valuable in identifying erosion of the IOC which is not identified with conventional radiography. Three out of the 5 cases were treated successfully but permanent resolution of the fungal infection is difficult to achieve once the bone overlying the infraorbital nerve has been eroded.
6Concurrent proximal suspensory desmopathy and injury of the proximal aspect of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in forelimbs and hindlimbs 19The relationship between foot conformation, foot placement and motion symmetry in the equine hindlimb R. F. AGASS, A. M. WILSON, R. WELLER AND T. PFAU 20The effect of hindlimb studs on movement symmetry in horses during lungeing H. SHARP, T. PFAU AND S. HOPKINS 20The relationship between working equids and women in developing countries Foreword and AcknowledgementsThis supplement contains a diverse selection of abstracts addressing clinical research from many disciplines. Topics that are particularly well represented this year include endocrinology, laminitis, critical care and spinal disease. The only consistent feature is the very high standard. This year, BEVA has devoted an extra two sessions to abstracts, but despite this increased time, the selection process was difficult due to the large number of excellent submissions. Over the last 10 years or so, Clinical Research Abstracts have progressively risen in stature and it is now the go-to place for cutting-edge, clinically relevant information delivered in a concise and highly professional manner. This is where Congress attendees will find the snippets of information to take straight back to practice to effect changes in the way of case management. By publishing this supplement in EVJ, BEVA hopes to make this new and relevant research available to those who have not been able to attend the Congress in person. Perhaps, this supplement will inspire some readers to make the trip next year. This year's BEVA Congress Clinical Research Abstracts have involved a more detailed review process than in the past. Brief reports on the abstracts under consideration were obtained from two peer reviewers before being graded, and ultimately selected by a subset of the Congress Scientific Programme Guardians: Renate Weller, Tim Barnett, Tom Witte, Neil Hudson and Janny De Grauw. We hope that the authors will find the feedback from reviewers constructive. I am extremely grateful to the peer reviewers, the CRA sub-committee and to James Crabtree and Matt Smith who completed the Programme Guardian team. David Hicks, Jane Woodley, Sue Wright and Anne Catchpole also deserve thanks for their contributions during the submission, appraisal and production phases of this Special Issue of EVJ. Editor-in-Chief, EVJ and Chairman BEVA 2014 Scientific Programme Guardians Objectives: To compare the sedative and hypoalgesic effects of 4 dosages of butorphanol in xylazine-premedicated donkeys. Celia M Marr Congress Session Sponsors Study design:In vivo experiment. Methods:Six donkeys received intravenous treatments: saline and saline (S-S); xylazine (0.5 mg/kg bwt) and saline (X-S); xylazine and butorphanol 10 μg/kg bwt (X-B10); xylazine and butorphanol 20 μg/kg bwt (X-B20); xylazine and butorphanol 30 μg/kg bwt (X-B30); and xylazine and butorphanol 40 μg/kg bwt (X-B40). Sedation score (0-3), head height above ground (HHAG),...
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