The review has presented the results of a comparative analysis of methodological approaches to study of emotional intelligence and application of coping-strategies worked out on their basis in order to improve medical efficiency of healthcare. Both in our country and abroad in recent years in the wide-range debates about the limit of medical efficiency reached by the healthcare system, special attention is paid to the problem of improvement of its functioning effectiveness. However, national and foreign medical researchers focus mainly on justification and development of methods of optimization of primarily economic aspects of the system's activity. Instead, the problem of medical effectiveness of health care goes far beyond the limits of economic analysis possibilities and requires use of conceptual approaches of other social disciplines.