This paper deals with a unique and severe stratification phenomena in the pressurizer surge line piping system. The methodology used in the calculation of total stress state includes pressure stresses from internal pressure, global thermal stresses from the constraining of the system by supports, local thermal stresses from hot/cold stratified condition, and transient thermal stresses in the pipe and at structural discontinuities. Special discussion on the interpolation to obtain moment loadings from one state of thermal condition to the next with nonlinear gapped support system is presented. Finally, the thermal cycling associated with operating transients in the surge line system is also addressed.
Swelling clays are widely distributed in the area to the south of the Fu-Niu Mountain Range, in the Nanyang Basin, Henan Province, PRC. The clays are damaging to buildings, railways, highways, and hydraulic structures, due to their unusual properties. This paper presents some results of studies on Nanyang Clays based on site investigation and engineering practice. It describes the formation and distribution, mineral composition and cation exchange, structural characteristics, the shrinking and swelling index, the Variation of strength related to dimension effects, anisotropy, gradual reduction, cycling of expansive and shrinking and time effect.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.