Iron-borosilicate soft magnetic composites are suitable magnetic materials for high temperature and high frequency applications. In this research two different techniques have been applied to fabricate these composites: uniaxial pressing following by sintering and spark plasma sintering. Different processing parameters including the content of borosilicate, the amount of compaction pressure and the size of iron particles have been evaluated through the study of microstructure and magnetic properties. The microstructural observations showed that the borosilicate is distributed on the iron grain boundaries enhancing the resistivity and causing the loss of eddy currents. Increasing the compaction pressure was led to the decrease of electrical resistivity. By increasing the frequency both real and imaginary parts of permeability decreased. The use of higher content of borosilicate resulted in the lower decreasing slop of permeability. Best combination of density, permeability and electrical resistivity was obtained in the sample with 2 wt% of borosilicate. In addition, the densification of powders with fine particles was more difficult than coarse particles due to the inter particles friction and bridging effects. Furthermore, as the particles size increases the size of open porosities before sintering where the borosilicate could aggregate enhances. This could yields to the increase in the electrical resistivity. The high ratio of surface to the volume in the powders with fine particles results in the developing the demagnetizing fields and subsequently, decreasing the permeability. The highest relative density (99.99 % of theoretical density) with best distribution of borosilicate was achieved in the composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The relaxation frequency, obtained from imaginary part of permeability, was found as 340 Hz in the composites made by SPS.
The effect of quenching wheel speed on the structure and Curie temperature of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 alloy has been investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, transition electron microscopy and a SQUID magnetometer. Ribbons were melt-spun at different wheel speeds and then were annealed to nucleate nano crystals embedded in the amorphous matrix. The results indicated that the thickness of the ribbons was inversely proportional to the wheel speed following the power law of the type t∝V(s)(-1.231). DSC and XRD results showed that at higher wheel speeds the greater potential energy triggers the formation of Fe (Si) crystallites and thus, increases the crystallinity. TEM observations confirmed the presence of an α-Fe (Si) phase with ∼11 nm crystallite size in the amorphous matrix of annealed ribbons. Special emphasis was placed on the effect of the quenching wheel speed on the Curie temperature during the measurements. To this end, the magnetization variations versus temperature were studied before and after annealing. It was found that increasing the wheel speed results in the reduction of the Curie temperature in as-spun ribbons. Moreover, the Curie temperature of the intergranular amorphous region in the annealed ribbons was at least 80 °C higher than that of corresponding amorphous phase in as-spun ribbons due to exchange interaction penetration of the adjacent Fe (Si) crystallites and relaxation processes.
FeNiCo base powder alloy with nominal composition Fe-27Ni-17Co-4Ti (wt%) was prepared from elemental powders by mechanical alloying. The structure of milled powders was characterized by XRD and SEM. The effect of nanosize structure on magnetic properties and shape memory behavior was studied using VSM and DSC. After milling for 240 minutes by high energy vibrational ball mill under argon atmosphere, supersaturated solid solution formed with mean crystallite size of ∼20 nm. Results of VSM examinations showed that by milling for 240 minutes saturation magnetization and intrinsic coercivity reached 304 emu/gr and 21 Oe, respectively. XRD analyses made it clear that transformation from BCC to FCC phase has occurred after annealing supersaturated milled powder at 650°C for 60 minutes. DSC curves indicated that martensite transformation in this alloy was suppressed due to refinement of the microstructure.
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