The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the paper, is to fabricate, by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), a metallic scaffold with Ti6Al4V powder based on a virtual model corresponding to the actual loss of a patient's craniofacial bone. A plaster cast was made for a patient with a palate recess, and the cast was then scanned with a 3D scanner to create a virtual 3D model of a palate recess, according to which a 3D model of a solid implant was created using specialist software. The virtual 3D solid implant model was converted into a 3D porous implant model after designing an individual shape of the unit cell conditioning the size and three-dimensional shape of the scaffold pores by multiplication of unit cells. The data concerning a virtual 3D porous implant model was transferred into a selective laser melting (SLM) device and a metallic scaffold was produced from Ti6Al4V powder with this machine, which was subjected to surface treatment by chemical etching. An object with certain initially adopted assumptions, i.e. shape and geometric dimensions, was finally achieved, which perfectly matches the patient bone recesses. The scaffold created was subjected to micro-and spectroscopic examinations.Keywords: biomimetic materials, CAMD, scaffolds, SLM, Ti6Al4V powders, SEM, EDS Celem badań, których wyniki zaprezentowano w artykule jest wytworzenie, metodą selektywnego topienia laserowego (SLM), scaffoldu metalowego z proszku Ti6Al4V na podstawie wirtualnego modelu odpowiadającego rzeczywistemu ubytkowi kości twarzoczaszki pacjenta. Od pacjenta z ubytkiem podniebienia pobierano wycisk gipsowy, który następnie zeskanowano za pomocą skanera 3D, w celu uzyskania wirtualnego modelu 3D ubytku podniebienia, na podstawie którego z użyciem specjalistycznego oprogramowania utworzono model 3D litego implantu. Po zaprojektowaniu indywidualnego kształtu komórki jednostkowej, determinującej wielkość i trójwymiarowy kształt porów scaffoldu, poprzez multiplikację komórek jednostkowych przekształcono wirtualny model 3D implantu litego w model 3D implantu porowatego. Dane dotyczące wirtualnego modelu 3D implantu porowatego przetransferowano do urządzenia służącego do selektywnego topienia laserowego (SLM) i z użyciem tej maszyny z proszku Ti6Al4V wytworzono metalowy scaffold, który poddano obróbce powierzchniowej poprzez trawienie chemiczne. Finalnie otrzymano obiekt o założonych na wstępie: kształcie i wymiarach geometrycznych, które idealnie odpowiadają ubytkowi kości pacjenta. Wytworzony scaffold poddano badaniom mikroi spektroskopowym.
The aim of the investigations described in this article is to present a selective laser sintering and melting technology to fabricate metallic scaffolds made of pristine titanium and titanium Ti6Al4V alloy powders. Titanium scaffolds with different properties and structure were manufactured with this technique using appropriate conditions, notably laser power and laser beam size. The purpose of such elements is to replace the missing pieces of bones, mainly cranial and facial bones in the implantation treatment process. All the samples for the investigations were designed in CAD/CAM (3D MARCARM ENGINEERING AutoFab (Software for Manufacturing Applications) software suitably integrated with an SLS/SLM system. Cube-shaped test samples dimensioned 10×10×10 mm were designed for the investigations using a hexagon-shaped base cell. The so designed 3D models were transferred to the machine software and the actual rapid manufacturing process was commenced. The samples produced according to the laser sintering technology were subjected to chemical processing consisting of etching the scaffolds’ surface in different chemical mediums. Etching was carried out to remove the loosely bound powder from the surface of scaffolds, which might detach from their surface during implantation treatment and travel elsewhere in an organism. The scaffolds created were subjected to micro- and spectroscopic examinations
This chapter characterises scafolds manufactured in line with the make-to-order concept according to individual needs of each patient. The clinical data acquired from a patient during computer tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance or using traditional plaster casts is converted by a computer into a virtual solid model of a patient's loss. The model, through the multiplication of a unit cell, is converted into a porous model on the basis of which an actual object is manufactured with the method of selective laser melting (SLM) from Ti/Ti6Al4V powders. The created scafold is characterised by good mechanical properties, which is conirmed by the results of the performed tensile and compressive strength tests. The material is additionally subjected to surface treatment consisting of the deposition of atomic layers of titanium dioxide with nanometric thickness.
Phone: þ48 322 371 841, Fax: þ48 322 372 281This work presents the outcome of research into the structure and resistance changes of composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNT) coated with platinum nanoparticles. Highquality CNTs obtained in the chemical vapor deposition process (100-200 mm long, 10-20 nm in diameter) were employed in the research. Raw CNTs did not contain metallic impurities or amorphous carbon deposits. An indirect method of bonding the earlier produced platinum nanoparticles to the surface of functionalized CNTs was applied to deposit platinum nanoparticles onto the surface of CNTs. A surface of CNTs with uniformly distributed platinum nanoparticles was achieved as a result of the experiments undertaken. Investigations into the structure and morphology of the materials obtained were carried out with transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy methods, and the X-ray structure analysis was used to identify the phase composition of the fabricated nanocomposites. The studies of changes in resistance were carried out with a constant and variable concentration of H 2 in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The goal of the research was the multifaceted characterization of the nanomaterials produced and to identify the response of the CNTs-platinum system to hydrogen in the atmosphere of synthetic air.
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