It was concluded that, in the authors' facility, treatment of prostatic cancer by subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy was superior to that by total prostatectomy, with respect to both postoperative survival and serious complications.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of four different drugs used for anaesthesia premedication on intraocular pressure and pupil size in dogs. A prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical study was carried out. The subjects were forty client-owned healthy dogs (20 males and 20 females), aged 8.0 ± 2.9 years, with body weights of 11.8 ± 8.5 kg (mean ± SD) and without ocular abnormalities that were scheduled for periodontal treatment. Animals were randomly allocated into four groups and received intravenously either medetomidine 0.01 mg/kg, acepromazine 0.02 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.01 mg/kg or butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg. Intraocular pressure, pupil size, heart rate, respiratory frequency and systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were measured prior to (baseline) and at five and 10 minutes after premedication (T5, T10). Data were analysed by Anderson-Darling, Bartlett’s, ANOVA and Dunnett’s tests (P < 0.05). Significant increases of intraocular pressure were observed at T5 and T10 in the fentanyl group. Significant decreases of pupil size at T5 and T10 were detected in the fentanyl, butorphanol and medetomidine groups. In the fentanyl group, heart rate dropped significantly at T10, while respiratory frequency was elevated at T5 and T10. In the medetomidine group, heart rate and respiratory frequency were decreased at T5 and T10. In the butorphanol group, systolic arterial pressure was decreased at T5 and diastolic arterial pressure was decreased at T5 and T10. In the acepromazine group, systolic arterial pressure was decreased at T10. Within ten minutes after intravenous administration in healthy dogs, fentanyl significantly increased intraocular pressure and fentanyl, butorphanol and medetomidine decreased pupil size.

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) or gastric dilatation (GD), were diagnosed in 173 dogs during the period from 1997 to 2001. Risk factors possibly associated with higher mortality in cases of GDV were evaluated. Variables suitable for quantitative evaluation were examined by the Student's t-test with regard to the risk of death. We characterised groups of dogs with potential risk factors (age, body weight, time lapsed from the last feeding until presentation, time lapsed from the onset of clinical signs until presentation, time lapsed from the last feeding until the onset of clinical signs), and compared the groups with regard to the risk of death, using the χ 2 -test. There were no differences between the dying and surviving patients as to their age, body weight and time lapsed from the last feeding until the onset of clinical signs. The time lapsed from the onset of clinical signs until presentation at the clinic was a significant factor associated with a lower survival rate. Mortality in dogs with GDV was 26.3% (36/137). Significantly higher mortality (p < 0.01) was found in dogs with gastric necrosis. Gastric necrosis in dogs with GDV is responsible for a 6.5 times higher risk of death compared to patients without gastric necrosis. There was also higher mortality in dogs after splenectomy (p < 0.05). Results of our study suggest that the most important prognostic factor is a timely treatment following the onset of clinical signs of GDV. Dog, retrospective study, gastric necrosis, splenectomy, risk factors, feedingGastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a very serious, life-threatening syndrome typically affecting large and giant breeds of dogs. For example, in the United States of America this syndrome affects about 60 000 dogs a year (Burrows and Ignaszewski 1990). The risk of this syndrome in some dog breeds is very high. In the Great Dane it amounts to more than 40% (Glickman et al. 2000). Despite its recognition more than 90 years ago (Cadeac 1906) and considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment, mortality associated with GDV still remains high. Various studies report mortality varying from 10 to 60% (Betts et al. 1974;Muir 1982;Walshaw and Johnson 1976;Matthiesen 1983;Frankquist and Obel 1979; Winfgield et al. 1975;Glickman et al. 1994;Brockman et al. 1995;Brourman 1996;Van Sluijs 1991;Glickman et al. 1998;Eggertsdóttir and Moe 1995;Nagel and Neumann 1992). It is, however, difficult to compare individual results because of differences in the definition of mortality and different therapeutic procedures within individual studies.On the basis of our current knowledge, therapy of the syndrome consists of three important parts:1) immediate and aggressive patient stabilisation including gastric decompression and treatment of shock; 2) surgical correction of volvulus including gastropexy to prevent recurrence; and 3) post-operative monitoring and intensive care (Matthiesen 1983;Aronson et al.

This study compared several techniques of manual and power instrument supragingival scaling and subsequent polishing with different methods. Observations were made to determine if there was an optimal method of enamel surface treatment based on the efficacy of the polishing and damage to the enamel. The maxillary fourth premolar and canine teeth were used as experimental teeth. These teeth were extracted after treatment and immersed in 10% buffered formalin solution for further processing and evaluation using electron microscopy. Our observations indicated that the most effective method for scaling and enamel protection during periodontal treatment was provided by power instrumentation followed by polishing using a soft polishing wheel with pumice paste.

Many types of tumorous and tumour-like lesions occur in the oral cavity of dogs. Even benign neoplasia often represents great inconvenience due to potential restrictions of therapeutic surgical approach in this area. Whereas in human medicine, there are statistical data describing areas of the oral cavity, that are more prevalent for development of particular neoplasia, in veterinary medicine, these data are not yet available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tumours in dogs with oral neoplasia, the occurrence site of the most common neoplastic lesions in the canine oral cavity, as well as the effect of age and sex on the prevalence of these lesions. In this study we investigated oral tumorous lesions from 659 dogs, out of which 352 lesions were diagnosed as tumours and 307 as tumour-like lesions. The most common tumours encountered were melanoma (42%, n = 148), squamous cell carcinoma (16%, n = 57) and canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (10%, n = 35). The median age of dogs with oral neoplasia was 9.9 years, with the range of 0.2 to 17.5 years. There was no significant association between sex and the type of oral lesion (tumorous and tumour-like). Melanoma was most commonly present in the caudal maxillary region, squamous cell carcinoma on the mouth floor, canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma in the area of the rostral mandible, plasmacytoma on the tongue, osteosarcoma was most often diagnosed in the caudal parts of oral cavity and fibrosarcoma did not have a specific site of occurrence.