Objective. evaluation of oral hygiene to enhance the prophylaxis of complications specifically of dental caries in children with disturbances in tooth formation (DTF) who live on radiologically contaminated territories after the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP) accident. Materials and methods. Children aged 6–14 years (n = 1470) with DTF were the study subjects examined in 2012– 2016. Among them there were (n = 528) residents of the zones III and IV of radiological contamination after the ChNPP accident with 137Cs soil contamination density 1-15 Ci/km2. The effective radiation dose in them was not exceeding 1 mSv/year. The Green-Vermillion and Silness-Loe oral hygiene indices were assesses within clinical examination methods. Results. The worth oral hygiene was revealed in children having got the DTF, compensated chronic diseases of organs and systems, and in those with burdened radiation history. The Green-Vermilion and Silness-Loe indices were 1.7 ± 0.51 and 1.65 ± 0.46 respectively. Conclusions. A significant deterioration in oral hygiene confirmed by the highest values of the Green-Vermillion index (1.7 ± 0.51; p < 0.001 – «unsatisfactory oral hygiene» criterion) and Silness-Loe index (1.65 ± 0.46; p < 0.001 – «poor oral hygiene» criterion) was found in children with DTF aged 6-14 years being residents of contaminated areas as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The revealed deterioration may be due to a set of negative factors, including the impact of ionizing radiation in low doses and peculiarities of social status. Results of the questioning of surveyed pediatric contingents both having got an DTF and with no defects of the hard tissues of teeth indicate an insufficient level of knowledge and skills in hygienic care of oral cavity regardless of the area of residence. Development of a set of measures to prevent the DTF complications in children should be carried out taking into account the state of oral hygiene, level of knowledge and skills in oral care, and include the use of hygiene products, namely toothpastes and anti-caries mouthwashes. Key words: children, disturbances in tooth formation, systemic hypoplasia of enamel, molar-incisor enamel hypomineralization, hygienic indices, ionizing radiation, ChNPP accident.
Objective. Assessment of role of the bone marrow colony-forming efficiency in plasma cell myeloma patients at different stages of treatment as a prognostic criterion for the disease course. Materials and methods. The colony forming efficiency (CFE) was assayed in stage I–II plasma cell myeloma (PCM) patients (n = 37) aged 42–73, namely in patients survived after the Chornobyl NPP accident (n = 21) and persons not exposed to ionizing radiation (n = 16). There were 11 males exposed to ionizing radiation and having got stage I PCM, 9 males and 3 females exposed and having got stage II PCM, 3 males and 3 females not exposed and having got stage I PCM, 6 males and 2 females not exposed and having got stage II PCM. Healthy persons (n = 20) were included in the control group. Results. Number of the bone marrow (BM) granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in both exposed and not exposed PCM patients depended on a disease stage. CFU-GM was (16.7 ± 1.2) in the stage I PCM patients vs. (11.1 ± 1.1) in the stage II PCM ones both being lower (p < 0.05) compared to control (64.5 ± 2.2). Changes in cluster formation were similar, i.e. (37.7 ± 1.6) and (19.4 ± 1.3) correspondingly in the stage I and stage II PCM patients. Respective values in control were (89.8 ± 3.6). The CFE in stage I and stage II PCM patients at the time of diagnosis was lower (5.7 ± 1.5 and 2.4 ± 1.1 respectively) vs. control (39.5 ± 1.51, p < 0.05), but has increased in remission up to (29. 6 ± 1.8) and (13.8 ± 1.2) respectively. There was no difference at that between the irradiated and non-irradiated patients. Number of the fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F) in the stage I and stage II PCM patients during diagnosis, namely (43.9 ± 5.4) and (22.5 ± 3.7), was lower (p < 0.05) vs. control (110.5 ± 4.9). Upon reaching remission the CFU-F value increased significantly (p < 0.05), reaching (87.4 ± 4.2) and (55.6 ± 2.7) correspondingly in the stage I and stage II PCM patients. Conclusion. Dependence of the BM cell CFE on the stage of PCM and presence or absence of remission was established. Prognostic value of the CFE of BM CFU-GM in terms of life span of patients was shown (Ro Spearm = 0.39, p < 0.02), namely in case of CFE > 20 before the polychemotherapy administration the life span of PCM patients was significantly longer vs. cases of CFE < 20. Key words: plasma cell myeloma, bone marrow, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit, fibroblast colony-forming unit, cluster.
The MDS cases (n=3) among acute radiation syndrome (ARS) survivors after the ChNPP accident were analyzed. MDS diagnoses were based on FAB (1982) and WHO classifications and included the refractory anemia (RA) (patient D. with ARS grade III), refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (patient B. with ARS grade III), and unclassified MDS (MDS-U) (patient S. with ARS grade I). Clinical management of MDS in ARS patients was analyzed taking into consideration the morphological, immunological, and cytochemical peculiarities of haemopoietic cells. The ARS diagnoses were confirmed in a survey on a regular basis using standard cytogenetic method. Described MDS cases in ARS patients may be the secondary MDS variants taking into consideration possible radiation-induced injuries of hematopoietic cell genome due to the high dose of IR (1.7-5.5 Sv). The possible role of previous irradiation in a range of occupational dose limits before the ChNPP catastrophe for patients D. and B. with ARS grade III, both with possible role of such a confounding factor as petroleum exposure for patient S. (ARS grade I) for the development of MDS cannot be excluded.
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