This report discusses water, energy, and cost savings that can be achieved in a commercial laundry through the use of a wastewater recycling and heat recovery system. Cost savings are achieved through reductions in water use, reduction in sewage charges (typically based on water use), reductions in water heating energy, and potential reductions in water treatment chemicals (because the recycled water has already been treated with soaps and conditioners. A recovery system saves water by recycling wash water that would normally be dumped into the city sewage system. Recycling the wash water produces considerable energy savings because the recycled water has a higher temperature than fresh water. As a result, a hot water heater consumes less energy to heat the recycled water. The demonstration project discussed in this report was based in a large commercial laundry in Portland, Oregon. The laundry serves a large hotel/motel chain and processes an average of 25,000 pounds of laundry per day. A wastewater recovery system using a membrane micro-filtration unit (MFU) was installed in the laundry in September 1995. Time series data of the water and energy consumption of the laundry were taken before and after installation of the MEU. Energy savings were measured by performing a thermal energy balance around the washing machines. Water savings were calculated by metering volumetric flow rates. After a period of approximately five months, the MFU has achieved results of 52 percent savings in water consumption and 44 percent savings in energy to heat water. This five-month period represents a learning curve during which several small technical improvements were made to the MFU and laundry staff adjusted laundry operations to maximize the benefits of the MFU. This report provides an economic analysis of the impact of capital investment, daily consumption, and local utility rates on the payback period. In this case study, performance measurements indicate monthly savings of approximately $3,400 on water, sewage, and natural gas. This would result in a simple payback of 4.1 years. However, it was also found that the MFU was oversized by 65 percent, making the capital investment much larger than was needed. Had the unit been more conservatively sized, the payback for the project would be 2.7 years. The payback for similar installations in other parts of the country would range from 1.2 to 2.7 years, depending on local utility rates. project hosts as helpful as Red Lion's staff. We would also like to thank Randy Jones and Gerry Miller of Wastewater Resources, Inc., who provided valuable expertise and experience on membrane filtration techniques. The cooperation of Brad Ashmore and his associates from ECO Labs was also key to the success of this study. The efforts of Portland General Electric and the City of Portland Water Bureau are also very much appreciated.
Abstract:Transmission acoustical holography holds tremendous promise for medical imaging applications. As with optical holography, an image is obtained using the interference of two coherent acoustic sources, the transmitted object wave with a reference wave. Although resultant images are true holograms, depth can be difficult to quantify and an entire volume in one image can often result in "too much" information. Since Physicians/Radiologists are often interested in viewing a single plane at a time, techniques have been developed to generate acoustic holograms of "slices" within a volume. These primarily include focused transmission holography with spatial and frequency filtering techniques. These techniques along with an overview and current status of acoustical holography in medical imaging applications will be presented
A standardized metrics program was developed and implemented by Advanced Diagnostics, Inc. (ADI) to quantify Diffractive Energy Imaging (DEl) system performance. DEl is a medical imaging technology which uses primarily diffracted wave information obtained from passing ultrasound energy through the anatomy. The resulting real-time, large field-of-view, high-resolution images are cunently undergoing clinical evaluation for detection and management of breast disease. This unique imaging modality required novel modifications to conventional measurement and evaluation tools. Measurement tools were developed and metrics procedures were standardized to ensure measurement accuracy and repeatability during performance testing. The system modulation transfer function, effective size of the field-ofview, spatial resolution across the effective field-of-view, contrast resolution, minimum detection, and field uniformity were quantified. Improved system metrics monitor improvements to DEl image quality and are supported through images oftarget standards and subjective validation using images ofhuman anatomy.
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