The identification of the key components in the response to drought stress is fundamental to upgrading drought tolerance of plants. In this study, biochemical responses and leaf gas exchange characteristics of fig (Ficus carica L.) to water stress, short-term elevated CO2 levels and brassinolide application were evaluated. The ‘Improved Brown Turkey’ cultivar of fig was propagated from mature two- to three-year-old plants using cuttings, and transferred into a substrate containing 3:2:1 mixed soil (top soil: organic matters: sand). The experiment was arranged as a nested design with eight replications. To assess changes in leaf gas exchange and biochemical responses, these plants were subjected to two levels of water stress (well-watered and drought-stressed) and grown under ambient CO2 and 800 ppm CO2. Water deficits led to effects on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, vapour pressure deficit, water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular CO2, and intrinsic WUE, though often with effects only at ambient or elevated CO2. Some changes in content of chlorophyll, proline, starch, protein, malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, and activities of peroxidase and catalase were also noted but were dependent on CO2 level. Overall, fewer differences between well-watered and drought-stressed plants were evident at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2. Under drought stress, elevated CO2 may have boosted physiological and metabolic activities through improved protein synthesis enabling maintenance of tissue water potential and activities of antioxidant enzymes, which reduced lipid peroxidation.
Brassinolide (BL) is a plant hormone showing wide occurrence in the plant kingdom with unique biological effects on growth and physiological traits. The fig varieties, Improved Brown Turkey (IBT) and Masui Dauphine (MD), are commonly found in Indonesia and Malaysia. There is limited information on exogenous brassinolide application on these varieties. In this chapter, we present the effect of different concentration of exogenous application of BL on growth and physiological changes of fig. Increasing BL concentration (50, 100, and 200 ml.L−1) caused some differences in growth and physiological changes of fig, but the differences were not consistent and most of the changes happened only in first or second month. Cultivar IBT showed higher growth and physiological changes than cultivar MD after receiving brassinolide treatment. There was significant effect of interaction between brassinolide and variety on growth and physiological changes of fig except in plant height and total dry biomass.
Air limbah domestik diantaranya mengandung deterjen. Bahan utama deterjen adalah Linear Alkylbenzena Sulfonate (LAS) merupakan sumber pencemar potensial yang menimbulkan dampak penting bagi lingkungan. Diantara alternatif pengolahan air limbah yang mudah, murah dan memiliki efisiensi tinggi adalah dengan menggunakan sistem lahan basah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan konfigurasi sistem lahan basah dengan memanfaatkan tanaman bambu yang dinamakan “Sistem Rawa Bambu”, untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi laju penurunan konsentrasi air limbah deterjen. Permodelan lahan basah dibuat dalam skala laboratorium di rumah kaca. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 4 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor A adalah air limbah deterjen terdiri dari 4 taraf (tanpa deterjen, 4 g, 8 g dan 12 g deterjen/liter air), faktor B adalah tanaman bambu terdiri dari 3 taraf (1, 2 dan 3 batang bambu/pot). Konsentrasi deterjen diamati dari pengukuran Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS), pada awal percobaan (0 hari), hari ke-10, 20 dan 30. Hasil penelitian menunjukan reaktor tanpa penambahan deterjen memiliki rerata efisiensi laju penurunan konsentrasi deterjen 90,56 %, sementara reaktor dengan pemberian 4 g deterjen per liter air, 89,13 %, pemberian 8 g deterjen per liter air, 86,78 %, dan pemberian 12 g deterjen per liter air, 90,16 %.
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